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Title: Rock-Forming Minerals
Description: A rock has different kind of minerals. There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.
Description: A rock has different kind of minerals. There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.
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ROCK-FORMING MINERALS
Minerals are composed of elements such as those found in the periodic table
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✓ They are inorganic
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✓ Although not fixed, each mineral has a definite chemical composition which can be
described by a chemical formula
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* Mineralogy is the study of the composition, crystal structure, and physical and optical
properties of minerals
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Most mineralogists study minerals with
economic value, such as metals like copper, aluminum, iron ore, gypsum, and clays
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Some minerals are made up of only one element
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The elemental composition of a mineral is due to its unique optical and physical
properties, such as:
1
...
A
mineral with high luster is very reflective
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There are no
distinct boundaries between the continuum of luster
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A mineral's color ~ caused by the absorption, or lack thereof, of visible light by their
crystalline structure
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Quartz, for example, can be colorless, white, pink, gray, or
purple
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Streak ~ the color of the powdered mineral produced when it is dragged across an
unweathered surface
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Nonmetallic minerals
usually have a colorless or white streak
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Hardness ~ a mineral's ability to resist scratching or abrasion
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Mineral samples are tested for hardness against
a set of index minerals scaled from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)
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5
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The planes along which a mineral cleaves when hit with a hammer, for example, are the
planes along which the bonds between atoms in the mineral are the weakest
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If the break is not defined, the cleavage is classified as poor
...
Specific gravity is a measure of relative density of a mineral
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A mineral with a specific gravity of 3
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Specific gravity is not expressed in units
of any kind, as it is a ratio mass of mineral
...
He also noted that
the loss of weight in water (weight in air minus weight in water) is exactly equal to the
weight of the displaced volume of water
Title: Rock-Forming Minerals
Description: A rock has different kind of minerals. There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.
Description: A rock has different kind of minerals. There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.