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Title: Resources of Arguments - COMM 200 Critical Thinking And Speaking Notes
Description: These were notes taken during my sophomore year during my participation in the course, COMM 200 Critical Thinking And Speaking. The notes focus on the meaning and concepts of forming a rhetorical and literary argument. It explores types of issues/questions and types of arguments. The three types of issues/questions; fact, value, and policy. The reasoning types of arguments included are; enthymemes, induction, casual, and analogy.
Description: These were notes taken during my sophomore year during my participation in the course, COMM 200 Critical Thinking And Speaking. The notes focus on the meaning and concepts of forming a rhetorical and literary argument. It explores types of issues/questions and types of arguments. The three types of issues/questions; fact, value, and policy. The reasoning types of arguments included are; enthymemes, induction, casual, and analogy.
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University Of Maryland
COMM 200
Resources of Arguments
Meaning
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Argument(noun) - a debate or quarrel because of usual differing viewpoints and
disagreements
Argument (Rhetoric) - a claim or conclusion backed by one or multiple reasons/
justifications which are all based on evidence
Claims
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An assertion
Involves a logical or inferential “leap”
Special character of a claim of an argument that makes a leap from data to the claim
It gives force making it risky and open to challenge
Reasons
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Argumental leap is not a leap of ignorance
A reason is a warrant for leap made in argument and justifications for the claim
Issues
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A fundamental point in dispute
A question that's crucial in making a decision
Choosing a course of action
Three Types of Issues/Questions
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Question of Fact
- A dispute about what evidence exists and how it should be interpreted
●
Question of Value
- Dispute about goals and reflects a fundamental disagreement
- Disagreements over values are often to target the audience
- Values are from basic needs, social norms and particulars of individuals
- Social reasons darwin from Values called Motivations
Question of Policy
- A course of action
- A procedure systematically applied and followed
●
Inventions
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Process of preparing rhetorical actions
Reflects the creativity of selecting and adopting arguments
Requires rhetor to know themselves, the actions taken, know the audience and the
evidence
-
Persuasive argument theory
● There is a pool of arguments for one issue
● Individual sample from the pool
● Peripheral route Shortcut to avoid hard work of imploring and exploring
arguments and evidence
Common Topics
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●
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More/Less - argument of magnitude, weight of importance, scale
Possible/Impossible - argument to promoting thinking of alternatives
Past Facts - argument of likelihood of whether something has occurred
Future Fact - argument of prediction of the future
Reasoning Types of Argument
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Enthymeme
- Jointly created between the rhetor and audience
- Has force from the audiences
- Audience can draw their own conclusions even though it's the Rhetor’s
conclusion being pushed
Induction
- Seductively draws audience to accept rhetor’s conclusion
- Rhetor draws details examples in order to arrive to the claim
- Rhetor presents claim or thesis and proceed to documents to claim its
true/authentic
Casual
- Establishes relationships between two phenomenon
- Adhere to scientific method
Analogy
- Compare two phenomena in order evaluate, predict, or dramatize the rhetor’s
point
- Adhere to the jurisprudence model (courtroom style)
*Second level of argument is subtle and implicit
Title: Resources of Arguments - COMM 200 Critical Thinking And Speaking Notes
Description: These were notes taken during my sophomore year during my participation in the course, COMM 200 Critical Thinking And Speaking. The notes focus on the meaning and concepts of forming a rhetorical and literary argument. It explores types of issues/questions and types of arguments. The three types of issues/questions; fact, value, and policy. The reasoning types of arguments included are; enthymemes, induction, casual, and analogy.
Description: These were notes taken during my sophomore year during my participation in the course, COMM 200 Critical Thinking And Speaking. The notes focus on the meaning and concepts of forming a rhetorical and literary argument. It explores types of issues/questions and types of arguments. The three types of issues/questions; fact, value, and policy. The reasoning types of arguments included are; enthymemes, induction, casual, and analogy.