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Title: Saad notes
Description: These notes are very helpful for learning.In these notes everything is explained with the help of diagrams.Hope it helps everyone of you.
Description: These notes are very helpful for learning.In these notes everything is explained with the help of diagrams.Hope it helps everyone of you.
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PLASTIDS
PLASTIDS
➢ Protoplasmic double membrane bound organelles , mostly pigment
containing bodies present in the cells are called plastids
...
➢ They are necessary for essential life processes like photosynthesis
and food storage
...
PROPLASTIDS
➢ Proplastids are young, immature and developing plastids
...
➢ they divide and redivide in meristimatic cells and are distributed to
different cell types
...
➢ Depending upon the structures in which they found, the intracellular
factors, and on the exposure to light, they may develop into
leucoplast (colourless plastids) are chloroplast (green plastid)
...
➢ they are colorless
...
➢ they developed in the absence of
sunlight
...
CHROMOPLASTS
➢ They have pigments like xanthophyll and carotene
...
➢ they are present in the petals of the flower and in the
ripened fruit
...
In photosynthetic plant cells, there are
membrane bound structures containing a
green pigment called CHLOROPLAST
...
A typical plant cell has a special type of
energy converting organelle Called
CHLOROPLASTS
...
Resemblance of chlorophyll with
HAEMOGLOBIN
➢ Chlorophyll molecule the HAEM group of
hemoglobin, a protein used in the transport of
oxygen
...
Structure of Chloroplast
➢ Chloroplasts are discoid structure and vary in their shape
and size with a diameter of 4-6 micrometer
...
➢ under an electron microscope chloroplasts shows three
main components ,the envelope, the stroma and
the thylakoids
...
➢ the outer membrane like mitochondria contains porins
and therefore freely permeable to small molecules
...
➢ between the outer and inner membrane there is
intermembrane space
...
•
it is the colorless proteinaceous substance which like
mitochondrial Matrix also contains a small circular DNA, all kinds
of RNA, ribosomes(70s), and various enzyme
...
•
stroma is a fluid which surrounds the thylakoids
...
THYLAKOIDS
• The stroma contains a system of chlorophyll bearing, double membrane,
flattened sac-like structure is called thylakoid
...
•
smaller thylakoids are disc like sacs which are piled over one another like
stack of coins
...
•
each granum consists of 25 to 50 thylakoids and there are about 40 to 60
grana found in each chloroplast
...
• larger thylakoids connect the grana with each other and are also called
intergranna
...
•
the first phase of photosynthesis is light dependent reaction in which
sunlight is captured and transformed into ATP, this phase takes place in grana
region of chloroplast
...
•
the enzymes for this activity are found in stroma of the chloroplast
Title: Saad notes
Description: These notes are very helpful for learning.In these notes everything is explained with the help of diagrams.Hope it helps everyone of you.
Description: These notes are very helpful for learning.In these notes everything is explained with the help of diagrams.Hope it helps everyone of you.