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Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Ethics
By: Immanuel Kant

This is a summary of one of the texts written by Immanuel Kant in the year 1785
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Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who was a key figure in the Enlightenment
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(Duignan, 2021)
Good Will according to Kant is to act in accordance with one’s moral obligations
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Goodwill is not waiting for the outcome for the person’s own benefit or of
what it could come up with in terms of experience but because he/she recognizes by a reason that
it is what’s ethically right
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He affirms that it is only through reason that we could achieve this kind of
foundation
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The basic idea that gives an action moral worth is grounded on morality
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d), Kant claims that a person's goodness or badness is determined by the motive
for their activities, not by the goodness of its outcomes
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Kant claims that only those who are motivated by morality can have moral worth
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Insofar as this idea, instead of the predicted outcome, decides what constitutes the will, the
predominant good that we label moral can thus consist in nothing else but the notion of law in
itself, which is unquestionably only attainable in a rational individual
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Pecorino and Sullivan (2002) made an explanation why Kant rejects Utilitarianism as the
foundation of morality
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The moral course of action is whatever provides
the greatest amount of pleasure to the maximum number of people
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The key argument is that utilitarian theories actually
devalue the people they are supposed to benefit
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Hypothetical Imperatives are the guidelines of behavior
that understood to apply to an individual only if he or she has decided and willed to act on a
particular goal
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For example: If you want to have good grades, study well
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These orders are given without reservation
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A maxim is a rule or principle that guides your actions
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You
are not permitted to make personal exceptions
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Because we have values as humans, rational human beings should be viewed as an end in
themselves or as a means to an end, rather than as a means to something else
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As a result of our existence,
we posse’s worth within us
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To treat a person as means could imply disapproval from an ethical

standpoint where a person can be used for the sake of something that may be beneficial for
someone else
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Submitted: June 18, 2021



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