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Title: study on nucleic acids
Description: study on nucleic acids, dna, rna, nucleotides, dna conformations, among others
Description: study on nucleic acids, dna, rna, nucleotides, dna conformations, among others
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Nucleic acid
Among the discoveries of 20th century biology, the
three-dimensional structure and chemical nature of
genetic material are one of the most notable
...
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are nucleotide polymers that constitute
DNA and RNA
...
In addition, some RNA molecules have
catalytic function in supramolecular complexes
...
RNA: adenine and uracil, guanine and cytosine
...
They perform
a wide variety of metabolic functions unrelated to
genetic information
...
Structure: they have 3 specific components:
nitrogenous base (purine 2A or pyrimidine 1A), sugar
(pentose), one or more phosphates
...
Cells also contain nucleotides with phosphate groups
at other positions
...
Phosphodiester bond
The nucleotides of both DNA and RNA are covalently
linked by bridges of phosphate groups, in which the 5phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is linked to
the 3-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
...
Nitrogenous bases as
side groups (hydrophobic)
...
Nucleotides - Pentose
Nucleic acids have two types of pentose DNA - 2'-
deoxy-D-ribose or deoxyribose RNA - D-ribose or
ribose
Nitrogen Bases Properties
All bases absorb UV light, make hydrogen bonds (A
pairs with T or U and G bonds to C)
...
Secondary structure: any regular and stable structure
Tertiary structure: complex folding in large
chromosomes within the chromatin
DNA Structure
DNA was isolated and characterized by Friedrich
Miescher- 1868, but it wasn't until 1952 that they
concluded that DNA carried the genetic information
...
DNA chains antiparallel, not identical,
complementary
...
Mechanism for transmission of genetic information
...
It acts as an intermediary for the
use of the information coded by the DNA for the
specific AA sequence
...
There are several
types of RNAs, great functional variety, the product of
DNA transcription is always the single-stranded ANS,
single-stranded right-handed helical, base-stacking
interactions
Structural variation of RNA
Can pair bases: same as in DNA (G-C and A-U)
...
When
complementary sequences are present, the
predominant structure is the double helix A
...
Breaks in the helix due to incorrect pairing or
non-pairing of bases are common and result in
internal bulges or loops
...
There is also the A-form and
the Z-form, which differ in shape and rotation
...
There is also variation in the of chains, the normal
would be 2, but there are some that form triplex 3 or
tetraplex 4
...
The role of DNA depends in part on its inherent
stability
...
Non-destructive changes - separation of
chains for replication
...
The closer the evolutionary
relationship between two species, the more easily
their DNAs will hybridize
...
A gene is all the DNA that encodes the sequence of
some gene product, which can be either a polypeptide
or an RNA with catalytic or structural functions
Title: study on nucleic acids
Description: study on nucleic acids, dna, rna, nucleotides, dna conformations, among others
Description: study on nucleic acids, dna, rna, nucleotides, dna conformations, among others