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Figures of Speech
The figure of speech is a literary device that is used as a stylistic tool
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Figures of speech are used to engage
the reader to think about the meaning of a word in a new way
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Figures of speech help the reader to understand the text more deeply
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It is used to express oneself unusually
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Figures of speech are used to make the listener think deeply about the phrase
that is used
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In some cases, it can
be used to make a point, while in some cases it can be used to confuse the reader
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Here
are some examples of frequent conversational figures of speech:
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is a figure of speech that uses overstatement to create emphasis or to express emotion
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Hyperbole is also
used as a humorous device
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Example: I have a million things to do
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Understatement
Understatement is a figure of speech in which the speaker or writer uses words that suggest (tend to
convey) a degree of understatement
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Understatement is a way of making an extreme
point without appearing to be overly aggressive
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Example: Joe got his dream job, so that’s not too bad
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Paradox
A paradox is a statement that contradicts itself and yet is perhaps true
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The
term is also applied to statements that at first appear to be nonsensible, yet may be valid in the proper
context
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What I’ve learned is that I know nothing
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It is a clever way of using a word to mean two or more different things
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A pun is often a word or phrase that is devised to be similar to another
word or phrase than to have similar pronunciation or spelling
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Fish are smart because they travel in schools
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Oxymoron is derived from a Greek word meaning “sharp-dull,”
which refers to the sharpness of a sword’s blade and the dullness of its edge
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Example: open secret
controlled chaos

Common Examples of Figure of Speech in Writing
Figures of speech are also used by writers in their work to describe or build meaning
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" Similes are
an effective way to add vivid imagery to your writing, and they can help readers understand complex
ideas
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Example: She’s as pretty as a picture
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Metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech used primarily to compare one thing with another
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It is a comparison made between two different things, which are not alike in most
ways, but share a common feature, and can be used to reveal something about one by highlighting its
similarity to the other
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She is a star in the sky
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This is a substitute for a harsher-sounding or more offensive expression
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The word
euphemism comes from the Greek word Euphemia, meaning "good speech", which is derived from
the Greek adjective Euphemos, meaning "good" or "honorable"
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Example: She was starting to feel over the hill (old)
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Personification
Personification is a type of figure of speech in which a nonliving thing is described as if it were alive
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This can be done by naming a group of people or a thing or giving it human qualities
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Personification helps writers to make their writing interesting
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The moon is smiling at me
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Metonymy is a type of figurative language that uses a type of substitution
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For example, a company may use the
metonym "Big Apple" to refer to New York City
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For example, instead of saying, "the actress was exhausted after her Broadway
debut," say, "the actress was exhausted after her Broadway bow
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Synecdoche is a literary device used to refer to a specific part of something, in terms of
the whole
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Example: a New York minute
the tip of the iceberg
Antithesis
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The purpose of antithesis is to create a tension or contrast between two opposite concepts
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Antithesis can be seen in opposing
ideas, words, or phrases
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Litotes is a figure of speech that reverses the meaning of a phrase by using an understatement
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For example, when one
says: "It's not bad
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Or, "Not too bad
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" They mean that it's
very good
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The tone that you use would be sarcastic,
sarcastic enough to convince the reader that the speaker means the opposite of what they're saying
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Alliteration is a literary device in which the same consonant sound is repeated in two or
more stressed syllables of a word
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" It may also be used for comic or rhetorical effect, as in "I never
met a plane I didn't like
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Alliteration is
often used in poetry and other literature
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Onomatopoeia
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The best way to understand onomatopoeia is to see what it is
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For example, the word "buzz" is
onomatopoeia for the sound of a bee
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If you
want to remember some of the other onomatopoeia, it is a good idea to associate them with a word
that has a similar sound
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Circumlocution
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That’s the very basic definition
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It’s a figure of speech that is used when the speaker wants
to avoid a more direct and more clear statement
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It is used by writers to change the meaning of words, to be ambiguous, to emphasize certain
words, and to create suspense
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In poetry, it is often used to create
a romantic mood and tone
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Pleonasm is a figure of speech that uses more words than necessary to express an idea
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Pleonasm is mainly used to add emphasis to a thought
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It has the potential to magnify your meaning and
add extra emotion and impact to your words
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