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Pharmacology



Study of drugs
2 Functional Areas

I
...
Enteral Administration: trough the alimentary canal
a
...
Parenteral Administration: not through the alimentary canal
a
...
Injection
i
...
Intra-Muscular = deltoids, V
...
Maximus
1
...
Intra-arterial: dx procedures
iv
...
Topical: ointments
d
...
Pharmacodynamics

Action of drugs on the body
2 drug receptors
o Agonist Drugs: always bind to a specific receptor + activate or stimulate that
receptor
o Antagonist Drugs: always bind to a specific receptor + deactivate or block
that receptor



DRUGS
I
...
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
A
...
CORTICOSTEROID
Medication

Mechanism Action
of Action

Glucocorticosteroid Endogenous
Steroid:
Cortisol,
Aldosterone

Stimulates the
leukocytes &
macrophages

Example
Cortisone
Prednisolone
Prednisone

Side
Effects

Cataracts
Fractures
(↓
the
breaking
down
of
Vit
...
DMARD’s (Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs)
Medication
DMARD

Mechanism of Action/ Example
Action

inhibits the monocytes, B/T Methotrexate
Cells
Leflunomide
Anakinra
Azathioprine

IV
...
Non-Opiod Narcotics
Medication
Non-Opiod
Narcotics

Mechanism of
Action

Mild to Moderate Pain
Inhibits COX3

Action

Example

Side Effects

Inhibits CNS
Pain

Prodrug

Liver Damage

Coverts inactive
Phenacetin into
Active
Acetaminophen
(Tylenol)

VI
...
Anti-Osteoporosis
A
...
Vitamin D & Calcium intake
b
...
↓ intake of coffee & alcohol
B
...
Anti-Angina
Medication
Anti-Angina

Mechanism of
Action
Stimulates
Nitric Oxide:
for
vasodilation

Action

Example

Side Effects

Reduces the
chest
discomfort

Nitrates:
Nitro-stat
Ntiro-bid
Isosorbide
Dinitrate:
Isordil
Isor-bid

Postural
Hypotension

Example

Side Effects

IX
...
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Diuretics
Medication
Diuretics
“Water Pills”

Mechanism
Action
Inhibits
reabsorption
H2O in the

of Action

Example

the ↓ the peripheral Thiazide
of vascular
Furosemide (Lasix)
resistance
Bumex

kidneys

Beta Blockers
Medication

Beta Blocker
NonSelective
Beta
Blockers
Selective
Beta
Blockers
Beta Agonist

Mechanism of Action
Action

Beta-1: ↑ contraction in heart
Beta-2: relaxation of bronchioles
Inhibits (B) Beta 1 and 2

Calcium
Channel
Blockers

“-olols”
Propanolol
Nadolol
Penbutolol

Stimulates Beta Asthma Px
1&2
For relaxation of
Bronchioles

Mechanism
Action

Side Effects

CI in COPD

Atenolol
Metoprolol

Inhibits the Beta 1

Calcium Channel Blockers
Medication

Example

of Action

Inhibits the influx of ↓ Heart Rate
Ca2+
Vasodilation
in the myocardium

Palpitations

Example
“-dipine”
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Nisoldipine
Verapamil

Alpha-1 Blocker
Medication
Alpha-1
Blockers

Mechanism
Action

of Action

Alpha-1:
Vasoconstriction
Alpha-2:
Vasodilation

Inhibits
Vasocontraction
Promotes
Vasodilation

Example

Side Effects

“-zocin”
Terazocin
Prazocin
Dexazocin

Dizziness
Postural
Hypotension

XI
...
K who is a synthesizer
of CF 2,7,9,10
IV Medication

Heparin
(Fragmin)

Excessive Bleeding

Inhibits CF 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13
1,2,3 “Filipino Physical Therapist”

Clot Formation
Extrinsic Pathway

(+) Injury in the muscle tissue
CF3
Thromboplastin (tissue factor)
CF4 Ca 2+ Ions
release CF5 Labile Factor
CF7 Stable Factor

release (+) injury in blood vessel
release
CF12 Anti-hemophilic
release D
release CF11 Anti-hemophilic C
release CF10
release
Stuart Factor

release CF8 Anti-hemophilic A
release CF9 Antihemophilic B

↓

Intrinsic Pathway

↓

activation of CF2 Prothrombin Converts to → Thrombin
↓
A) Activate CF1 Fibrinogen Fibrin
B) Activate CF13 Fibrin Stabilizing Factor

XII

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