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Title: fundamental of computer
Description: This is very useful for basic computer notes.
Description: This is very useful for basic computer notes.
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FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER
Computer:
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data, stores and processes data
into information
...
The
parts of computer that you can see and touch, such as the keyboard, monitor and the mouse
are called hardware
...
Characteristics of Computer
Speed
A computer works with much higher speed compared to humans while performing
mathematical calculations
...
Accuracy
Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy
...
Versatility
Versatility refers to the capability of a computer to perform different kinds of words with
same accuracy and efficiency
...
e
...
Automation
Computer performs all the tasks automatically i
...
it performs tasks without manual
intervention
...
Secondary
storage are removable devices such as CDs, pen drives, etc
...
TYPES OF COMUTER/ CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
Analog Computer:
The type of computer process only the continuous data and commonly used for
analyzing purposes
...
Digital Computer:
This type of computer based on digits and process only digital data (Binary digits
0,1)
...
Usually all computers are Digital computers
...
Hybrid Computer:
Hybrid computer is the combination of Digital and Analog computers
...
ATM, Petrol Pump
...
It is used for
atomic research, Weapon designing and research Labs
...
The speed of a new and advance super
computer is 1000 trillion instructions per seconds
...
It is used for air traffic control, Banks,
Universities and in big systems like Railway
...
Hundreds of users can work on this computer at a home
...
It has more memory and a higher execution speed than a
microcomputer but smaller and less powerful than a mainframe
...
Microcomputer is designed to be used by one person at a
time
...
Microcomputer is an affordable
computer it is used in offices, homes and organizations
...
First
Second
Description/Details
Year
Computer used
Vacuum Tube Based:
These tubes, like electric bulbs,
produced a lot of heat and the
installation used to fuse frequently
...
Transistor Based:
In this generation, transistors were used
that were cheaper, consumed less
power, more compact in size, more
reliable and faster than the first
generation, magnetic cores were used as
the primary memory and magnetic tape
and magnetic disks as secondary storage
devices
...
1946-1959
ENIAC
EDVAC
UNIVAC
IBM-701
IBM-650
1959-1965
IBM 1620
IBM 7094
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108
Third
Forth
Firth
Integrated Circuits based:
The computer of third generation used
Integrated circuits (ICs) in place of
transistors
...
The IC was invented by Jack Kirby
...
In
this generation remote processing, timesharing, multiprogramming operating
system was used
...
were used during this generation
...
VLSI circuits having about
5000 transistors and other circuit
element with their associated circuits on
a single chip made it possible to have
microcomputers of fourth generation
...
As a result, it gave rise to
Personal computer (IPC) revolution
...
All the high-level languages
like C, C++, DBASE etc, were used in
generation
...
In the fifth generation, VLSI
technology became USLI (Ultra large
scale integration) technology, resulting
in the production of microprocessor
chips having ten million electronic
components
...
AI is an
emerging branch in computer science,
1971-1980
1980Onward
IBM-360 series
Honeywell6000 series
PDP( Personal
Data
Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316
DEC 10
STAR 1000
PDP 11
CRAY-1
(Super
computer)
CRAY-X- MP
(Super
Computer)
Desktop
Laptop
Note Book
Ultra Book
Chrome Book
which interprets the means and method
of making computers think like human
beings
...
, are used in
this generation
...
Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output
...
Name
Years
Data width
Clock speed
80286
80386
80486
Pentium
Pentium II
Pentium III
Pentium IV
1982
1985
1989
1993
1997
1999
2000
16 Bits
32 Bits
32 Bits
32 Bits
32/64 Bits
32/64 Bits
32/64 Bits
6 MHz-16MHz
16MHz-25MHz
25MHz-100MHz
100MHz-233MHz
233MHz-450MHz
450MHz-1
...
4GHz-3
Title: fundamental of computer
Description: This is very useful for basic computer notes.
Description: This is very useful for basic computer notes.