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Title: Ethers Details Questions and Answers
Description: The word ether is derived from Greek word aither meaning the clear sky or air; it represents the airy or volatile nature of typical compounds of this class. Ethers are the compounds having the general formula R – O – R. They can be regarded as the dialkyl derivatives of water or monoalkyl derivatives of alcohols.
Description: The word ether is derived from Greek word aither meaning the clear sky or air; it represents the airy or volatile nature of typical compounds of this class. Ethers are the compounds having the general formula R – O – R. They can be regarded as the dialkyl derivatives of water or monoalkyl derivatives of alcohols.
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Chemistry
1
...
Owing to the absence of active groups and multiple bonds, ethers are
comparatively inert substances
...
They undergo chemical reaction under specific conditions
...
CH3 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH3 + Cl2
dark
CH3 – CH – O – CH – CH3 + 2 HCl
Cl
Cl
’ – Diachlorodiethyl ether
Note:
1
...
2
...
In the presence of sunlight, all the hydrogens of the ether are substituted
by halogen atoms
...
C2H5 – O – C2H5 + H2O
dil
...
C2H5 – O – C2H5 + PCl5
Diethyl ether
Note: In cole, PCl5 has no action on ether
...
Hydroiodic
acid, and alcohol and an alkyl halide are formed
...
C2 H5 – O – C2H5
+
2 HI
2 C2 H5 I
Diethyl ether
2
...
(i) Halogen of ethers: Ethers react with chlorine or bromine in the dark to give
substituted products at a carbon atoms
...
C2H5 – O – C2H5 + 10Cl2
Diethyl ether
C2Cl5 – O – C2 Cl5 + 10 HCl
Perchloro diethyl ether
(iii) Williamson’s ether synthesis: When an alkyl halide is heated with sodium
or potassium alkoxide, an ether is obtained
...
C2 H5 ONa
Sodium
ethoxide
+
BrCH3
Methyl
bromide
C2 H5 ONa
Sodium
ethoxide
+ BrC2H5
Methyl
bromide
C2 H5 OCH3
Ethyl
methyl ether
C2 H5 – O – C2H5
Diethyl ether
+
NaBr
+
NaBr
3
...
1
...
CH3 – O – CH3
1
...
2
...
Reactions due to the alkyl group:
Ethers react with chlorine or bromine in the dark to give substituted products at a
carbon atoms
...
The carbon attached with the functional group is called – carbon
2
...
In the presence of sunlight, all the hydrogens of the ethers are substituted by halogen
atoms
...
C2Cl5 – O – C2 Cl5 + 10 HCl
Perchloro diethyl ether
Write a note on solubility of ethers
...
Ethers are
generally insoluble in water, but their solubility in water is not negligible
...
The solubility of lower ethers in water is due to the formation of hydrogen bond
between water and ether compounds as shown below
R
R
+
O H – O
+
H O
R
R
This is due to some hydrogen bonding between water and ether molecules
...
Explain the chemical properties of ether involving the cleavage of C – O bond
...
(i) Reaction with dilute sulphuric acid: When ether is heated with dilute sulphuric
acid under pressure alcohols are formed
...
H2SO4
2 C2H5 OH
Diethyl ether
Ethyl alcohol
Pressure
(ii) Reaction with phosphorus Pentachloride:
When an ether is heated with phosphorus pentachloride, alkyl halides are formed
...
(iii) Reaction with hydrochloric acid: When ethers heated with conc
...
C2H5 – O – C2H5 +
Diethyl ether
HI
C2 H5 OH
Ethyl alcohol
+
C2 H5 I
Ethyl iodide
When ether is heated with excess of concentrated hydroiodic acid alkyl halides are
formed
Title: Ethers Details Questions and Answers
Description: The word ether is derived from Greek word aither meaning the clear sky or air; it represents the airy or volatile nature of typical compounds of this class. Ethers are the compounds having the general formula R – O – R. They can be regarded as the dialkyl derivatives of water or monoalkyl derivatives of alcohols.
Description: The word ether is derived from Greek word aither meaning the clear sky or air; it represents the airy or volatile nature of typical compounds of this class. Ethers are the compounds having the general formula R – O – R. They can be regarded as the dialkyl derivatives of water or monoalkyl derivatives of alcohols.