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Title: Alcohols Brief Questions and Answers
Description: When one or more hydrogen atoms in an aliphatic hydrocarbon are replaced by one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups, the resulting compounds are known as alcohols. According to the number of the hydroxyl groups present in them, they are known as monohydric, dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric alcohols. In case of polyhydric alcohols (having more than one OH group), the hydroxyl groups are always present on different carbon atoms. It is because the alcohols having two or more OH groups attached to the same carbon are unstable.
Description: When one or more hydrogen atoms in an aliphatic hydrocarbon are replaced by one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups, the resulting compounds are known as alcohols. According to the number of the hydroxyl groups present in them, they are known as monohydric, dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric alcohols. In case of polyhydric alcohols (having more than one OH group), the hydroxyl groups are always present on different carbon atoms. It is because the alcohols having two or more OH groups attached to the same carbon are unstable.
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Chemistry
Alcohols
1
...
These may be considered as hydroxy derivatives of hydrocarbons in which one or more
hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydroxyl ( – OH) groups
...
Give an example for a monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol and a trihydric alcohol
...
CH2OH
|
CH2OH
Ethylene glycol
(Dihydric)
CH2OH
|
CHOH
|
CH2OH
Glycerol (Trihydric)
What are monohydric alcohols? Give an example
...
E
...
, ethyl alcohol
CH3CH2OH
...
What are dihydric alcohols? Give an example
...
E
...
, Ethylene glycol
...
What are trihydric alcohols? Give an example
...
e
...
, glycerol
...
How are monohydric alcohols classified?
Monohydric alcohols are classified as primary (1), secondary (2) and Tertiary (3)
alcohols depending upon whether the hydroxyl group is attached to a primary, secondary or
tertiary carbon atom
...
What is a primary alcohol? Give an example
...
H
1
CH3 C OH
primary carbon
H
Ethyl alcohol ( primary alcohol, 1)
8
...
When the carbon atom having the – OH group is attached to two carbon atoms, the
alcohol is termed as a primary (2) alcohol
...
What is a tertiary alcohol? Give an example
...
CH3
3
CH3 C OH
Tertiary carbon
CH3
t - Butyl alcohol (Tertiary alcohol, 3)
10
...
(i)
n propyl alcohol
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – OH
Primary alcohol
(ii) isopropyl alcohol
CH3 – CH – OH
Secondary alcohol
CH3
(iii) isobutyl alcohol
CH3 – CH – CH2 – OH
Primary alcohol
CH3
11
...
Explain
with examples
...
Example:
CH4
Methane
CH3OH
Methanol
C6H6
Ethane
C2H5OH
Ethanol
(b) The position of the – OH group is indicated by numbering the carbon chain so as to
give the lowest possible number to the carbon bearing the – OH group
...
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
2
...
Write the structure,and the IUPAC names of the following
...
(i)
Ethyl alcohol
- CH3 CH2 OH
- Ethanol
(ii)
Isopropyl alcohol
- CH3 CH OH
|
CH3
- Propan 2 – ol
(iii)
Isobutyl alcohol
- CH3 CH CH2 OH - 2 Methyl propan 1 – ol
|
CH3
(iv) Sec – butyl alcohol
(v) Tertiary butyl alcohol
...
- CH3 CH CH2 CH3
|
OH
CH3
|
- CH3 C OH
|
CH3
- Butan 2 – ol
- 2 Methyl propan 2 – ol
Mention the physical properties of ethanol
...
Ethanol is a colourless liquid having pleasant smell
...
Ethanol boils at 351K
...
It is miscible with water in all proportions
...
It is nonconductor of electricity because it does not contain ions
...
Define Molasses
...
15
...
Dilute sulphuric acid is added to check the bacterial growth and to bring pH to 4 – 5
(yeast thrives in acidic solution) and to stop the growth of unwanted bacteria
...
What is called absolute alcohol?
100% pure alcohol is known as absolute alcohol
...
What is called power alcohol?
Rectified spirit does not mix properly with petrol
...
One part of this mixture is added to four parts of petrol
...
It is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines
...
What is called denatured alcohol?
Rectified spirit is made unfit for drinking purpose, by assign 5% methyl alcohol
(poison),0
...
It is called denatured alcohol or methylated spirit
...
19
...
Azeotrophic mixture is a mixture, which boils at a constant temperature and distills over
completely at the same temperature without change in composition
...
C2H5OH + PCl5 …
...
C2H5OH
+
PCl5
Phosphorous
pentachloride
C2H5Cl + POCl3 + HCl
Title: Alcohols Brief Questions and Answers
Description: When one or more hydrogen atoms in an aliphatic hydrocarbon are replaced by one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups, the resulting compounds are known as alcohols. According to the number of the hydroxyl groups present in them, they are known as monohydric, dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric alcohols. In case of polyhydric alcohols (having more than one OH group), the hydroxyl groups are always present on different carbon atoms. It is because the alcohols having two or more OH groups attached to the same carbon are unstable.
Description: When one or more hydrogen atoms in an aliphatic hydrocarbon are replaced by one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups, the resulting compounds are known as alcohols. According to the number of the hydroxyl groups present in them, they are known as monohydric, dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric alcohols. In case of polyhydric alcohols (having more than one OH group), the hydroxyl groups are always present on different carbon atoms. It is because the alcohols having two or more OH groups attached to the same carbon are unstable.