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Title: Non-metals Brief Questions and Answers
Description: Elements are divided into two main classes: Metals and non-metals. This division is based upon differences in the characteristic properties of the two types of elements. Metals, in general, are solids (except mercury which is a liquid) having a bright appearance (metallic lustre) and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are malleable (i.e. they can be flattened into thin sheets by hammering) and ductile (i.e. they can be drawn out into wire by stretching). On the other hand, some non-metals are gases, while others are solids (except bromine which is a liquid) which do not posses metallic lustre (except iodine). They are not malleable or ductile.
Description: Elements are divided into two main classes: Metals and non-metals. This division is based upon differences in the characteristic properties of the two types of elements. Metals, in general, are solids (except mercury which is a liquid) having a bright appearance (metallic lustre) and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are malleable (i.e. they can be flattened into thin sheets by hammering) and ductile (i.e. they can be drawn out into wire by stretching). On the other hand, some non-metals are gases, while others are solids (except bromine which is a liquid) which do not posses metallic lustre (except iodine). They are not malleable or ductile.
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Chemistry
Non-metals
1
...
Non-metals are the elements which form negative ions by gaining electrons
...
2
...
3
...
Only one non – metal hydrogen (H) has been placed on the left side of the
periodic table
...
5
...
Carbon
1s2 2s2 2p2
Nitrogen
1s2 2s2 2p3
Oxygen
1s2 2s2 2p4
Fluorine
1s2 2s2 2p5
Neon
1s2 2s2 2p6
What is the action of heat on C and S and subsequently heating the gaseous product
in water? Write balanced chemical equation
...
These oxides dissolve in water to give carbonic acid and sulphurous acid
...
What is the action of chlorine on (i) phosphours and (ii) hydrogen
...
Phosphorus and hydrogen react with chlorine to form phosphorus trichloride and
hydrogen chloride respectively
...
P4 + 6Cl2
4 PCl3 (g)
H2 + Cl2
2 HCl (g)
Complete and balance the following equations
...
+ 3H2
8
...
Owing to its great affinity for oxygen, silicon always occurs in the form of its
compounds like silicon dioxide and silicates
...
9
...
The various forms are sand, flint, quartz and opal
...
How is prepared silicon?
Silicon is prepared by heating potassium fluosilicates with potassium
...
Name the reducing agent used in the preparation of silicon, from silicon dioxide
...
The cheapest reducing agent used is coke
...
Explain why reaction of silicon takes place at high temperature?
Silicon is rather inert at room temperature
...
Due to this, most of the reactions of silicon with other elements or
compounds take place on heating
...
Name the uses of silicon
...
E
...
, Ferro – silicon,
silico bronze Ferro – silicon, is used in the manufacture of apparatus for redistilling nitric
acid
...
14
...
They have the general formula (R2SiO)n (where R = methyl or phenyl)
...
Write the general structure of silicone polymer
...
R
R
|
|
Si – O – Si – O –
|
|
R
R
(R = Methyl or Phenyl)
Mention the properties of silicones
...
They are strongly
water repelling substances which can be converted into oils, resins and rubbery
elastomers
...
Mention the uses of Silicones
...
18
...
Phosphorus has been placed in group five (group V) of the periodic table below
the nitrogen element
...
So the electronic configuration is 2, 8, 5
(K, L, M)
...
Phosphorus has three electron
shells in its atom, so phosphorus belongs to 3rd period of the periodic table
...
19
...
In the combined form, however, it is widely distributed in nature
...
20
...
Phosphorus is an essential constituent of bones and is also present in blood, brain
and other parts of the body
...
As
phosphoproteins, it is present in milk and eggs
...
What is the main chemical substance present in Rock phosphate and bone ash?
Rock phosphate is mainly calcium phosphate where as bone ash (animal charcoal)
contains about 80% of calcium phosphate
...
Give balanced chemical equation for the reaction of silica with calcium phosphate
...
Ca3(PO4)2
Calcium
phosphate
+ 3 SiO2
Silica
3CaSiO3
Calcium
Silicate
+
P2 O5
Phosphorus
pentoxide
23
...
2 P2 O5 + 10C
P4
Phosphorus
24
...
The various allotropic modification of phosphorus are:
1
...
Red phosphorus
3
...
Metallic black phosphorus
5
...
Explain the term phosphorescence
...
The property of glowing of white phosphorus
in the dark is known as phosphorescence
...
Which allotrope of phosphorus does not show phosphorescence?
Red phosphorus does not show phosphorescence
...
What is super phosphate? Mention its use
...
Super phosphate is calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2
...
28
...
Sulphur has been placed – in –group six (group VI) of the periodic table, below
oxygen
...
So, the electronic configuration of sulphur
is 2, 8, 6 (K, L, M)
...
Thus, sulphur occurs in group VI
and 3rd period of the periodic table
...
How does sulphur occurs in the combined state?
In the combined state, sulphur occurs in the form of metal sulphides as well as
metal sulphates
...
7H2O) gypsum (CaSO4
...
Name the allotrophic form of sulphur
...
They are (a) Rhombic sulphur, (b)
Monoclinic or Prismatic sulphur and (c) Plastic sulphur or Amorphous sulphur
...
31
...
One molecule of sulphur has 8 sulphur atoms at ordinary temperature, so it is
written as S8 (atomicity 8)
...
SULPHUR MOLECULE
32
...
33
...
34
...
35
...
(i) Carbon, on heating with sulphur to a high temperature to form carbondisulphide
...
H2
hydrogen
36
...
Acids which have oxidising properties are oxidising acids
...
37
...
38
...
Silicon dioxide is used in the making glass and cement quartz crystals are used in
matches
...
39
...
40
...
Allotropy is a phenomenon in which the same element can exist in more than one
crystalline or structural modification with change on physical properties
...
Name different minerals of phosphorus
...
1
...
Chloropatite
- 3Ca3 (PO4)2
...
Apatite
- 3Ca3 (PO4)2
...
P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O
PH3
+ 3NaH2 PO2
phosphine
43
...
Hot and concentrated sulphuric acid oxidises sulphur to sulphur dioxide
...
)
3 SO2
Sulphur dioxide
+
2H2O
water
44
...
Sulphur is oxidised to sulphuric acid by hot and concentrated nitric acid
...
)
H2 SO4
Sulphuric
acid
+
6 NO2
Nitrogen
dioxide
+
2H2O
Title: Non-metals Brief Questions and Answers
Description: Elements are divided into two main classes: Metals and non-metals. This division is based upon differences in the characteristic properties of the two types of elements. Metals, in general, are solids (except mercury which is a liquid) having a bright appearance (metallic lustre) and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are malleable (i.e. they can be flattened into thin sheets by hammering) and ductile (i.e. they can be drawn out into wire by stretching). On the other hand, some non-metals are gases, while others are solids (except bromine which is a liquid) which do not posses metallic lustre (except iodine). They are not malleable or ductile.
Description: Elements are divided into two main classes: Metals and non-metals. This division is based upon differences in the characteristic properties of the two types of elements. Metals, in general, are solids (except mercury which is a liquid) having a bright appearance (metallic lustre) and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are malleable (i.e. they can be flattened into thin sheets by hammering) and ductile (i.e. they can be drawn out into wire by stretching). On the other hand, some non-metals are gases, while others are solids (except bromine which is a liquid) which do not posses metallic lustre (except iodine). They are not malleable or ductile.