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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar
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Most life on Earth depends on photosynthesis
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Herbivores then obtain
this energy by eating plants, and carnivores obtain it by eating herbivores
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Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it
loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons
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The plant then
releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose
molecules
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Within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast is a light-absorbing
pigment called chlorophyll, which is responsible for giving the plant its green color
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Light-dependent reactions vs
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The light-dependent reaction takes place within the thylakoid membrane
and requires a steady stream of sunlight, hence the name light-dependent reaction
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The
light-independent stage, also known as the Calvin Cycle, takes place in the stroma,
the space between the thylakoid membranes and the chloroplast membranes, and
does not require light, hence the name light-independent reaction
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C3 and C4 photosynthesis
Not all forms of photosynthesis are created equal, however
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C3
photosynthesis is used by the majority of plants
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C4 photosynthesis, on the other hand, produces a four-carbon
intermediate compound, which splits into carbon dioxide and a three-carbon
compound during the Calvin Cycle
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The plant leaves are green because that color is the part of sunlight reflected by a
pigment in the leaves called chlorophyll

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