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TEMPERATURE
What is Temperature?
• Is a degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale
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• A measure of the quantity of heat in an object, usually as measured on a thermometer
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•The degree of heat of the atmosphere
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Types of Temperature
FAHRENHEIT TEMPERATURE

CELSIUS TEMPERATURE

KELVIN TEMPERATURE

What is fahrenheit?
Fahrenheit temperature scale, scale based on 32° for the freezing point of water and 212° for the boiling
point of water, the interval between the two being divided into 180 equal parts
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Conversation CELSIUS to FAHRENHEIT
Formula ( C × 9/5 or 1
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Multiply the number of degree by 9
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Divide the product by 5
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Add 32 to the result

1
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Solution: Step I: Multiply the number of degree by 9
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= 360° ÷ 5
= 72°
Step III: Add 32 to the result
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What is this temperature in Celsius?
Solution:
°C = K – 273
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15

°C = 26
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96 °C
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15
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15
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96 + 273
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K = 90
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Answer: Liquid oxygen boils at 90
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Electricity
- is the flow of
electrical power or charge
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Atoms
-atoms exist in over a hundred different forms as chemical elements like hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and
copper
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Building Blocks of Atoms
An atom is built with a combination of three distinct particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons
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•Electrons are critical to the workings of electricity
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Free electrons allow us to move charge, which is what electricity is all about
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Flowing Charges
Charge is a property of matter--just like mass, volume, or density
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The key concept with charge can come in two types: positive (+) or negative (-)
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It states that
charges of the same type repel each other, while charges of opposite types are attracted together
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These are the types of materials we want to use to make
wires and other components which aid in electron flow
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Insulators serve a very important purpose: they prevent the flow of electrons
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Two forms of Electricity: Static electricity exists when there is a build-up of opposite charges on objects
separated by an insulator
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This form
of electricity exists when charges are able to constantly flow
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To review how we need to make electricity flow:

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The definition of electricity is the flow of charge
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Negatively-charged electrons are loosely held to atoms of conductive materials
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Sources of Electrical Energy

Coal
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Coal-generated electricity is created using a “pulverized coal combustion system” (PCC)
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When the generator’s coils are rotated in a strong magnetic field,
electricity is created
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Wind turbines work the opposite way that fans do– instead of using electricity to create wind,
wind turbines use wind to make electricity
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Nuclear
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Nuclear energy comes from the energy in the core of an atom
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Some nuclear power plants use uranium atoms which are split when they are hit by a neutron,
releasing heat and radiation, creating more neutrons
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Magnetism
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Magnetism is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other
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6 types of magnetism

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Ex
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paramagnetism- is a form of magnetism whereby some materials are weakly magnetic field,
and form internal, induced magnetic field in the direction of the magnetic field
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Aluminum, oxygen, titanium and iron oxide
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Ferromagnetism

-is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) from the permanent magnets or
attracted to magnets
Ex
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Ex
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Superparamagnetism- is a form of magnetism which appears in small ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic
nanoparticles
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