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Title: class notes
Description: I am teaching last 11 years and my notes are for fsc level and bachelor degree
Description: I am teaching last 11 years and my notes are for fsc level and bachelor degree
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MITOSI
S
It is the type of cell division in which number, of chromosome remains some in
daughter cells as compared the parental cell
...
The main events discussed are mainly based on the animal cells
...
PHASES OF MITOSIS
Mitosis is a continuous process, but for the sake of convenience it may be divided
into two main phases:
1
...
2
...
1
...
Stages of Karyokinesis:
Karyokinesis can further be divided into four main phases, which are
(a)
Prophase (b) Metaphase
(c) Anaphase (d) Telophase
...
This network is called as chromatin
...
Events:
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
6
...
25 m – 50 m in length) at the
beginning of prophase
...
Each chromosome is already duplicated i
...
, having two sister chromatids, attached
at centromere
...
Mitotic apparatus is formed during this phase
...
This structure is larger than the nucleus
...
These
are:
(i)
Astral microtubules, which radiate outward, toward the cell membrane and form
asters
Other two sets of microtubules form the spindles
...
(iii)
Polar microtubules, which are not linked to the chromosomes but instead with the
polar microtubules form the opposite pole
...
Composition of Microtubules:
All these microtubules are composed of a protein tubulin and traces of RNA
...
7
...
8
...
9
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Metaphase:
1
...
2
...
PHASES OF MITOSIS
3
...
Anaphase:
•
It is the most critical phase of the mitosis, which ensures equal contribution of
chromatids in the daughter cells
...
•
A force of pull is exerted on the kinetochores
...
•
As a result half-sister chromatids travel towards each pole
...
•
The chromosomes start to decondense due to unfolding and uncoiling
...
•
Mitosis apparatus disorganizes
...
•
Nucleoli reorganize
...
•
A sharp constriction or cleavage furrow appears as a result of contraction of actin
and myosin
...
Title: class notes
Description: I am teaching last 11 years and my notes are for fsc level and bachelor degree
Description: I am teaching last 11 years and my notes are for fsc level and bachelor degree