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Title: structure of heart
Description: The heart is made up of four chambers: two upper chambers are known as the left atrium and right atrium and two lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. It is also made up of four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves.
Description: The heart is made up of four chambers: two upper chambers are known as the left atrium and right atrium and two lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. It is also made up of four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves.
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Structure of the Heart
The human heart is a four-chambered muscular organ, shaped and sized roughly like a man's
closed fist with two-thirds of the mass to the left of midline
...
The visceral layer of the serous membrane forms the epicardium
...
The outer layer of the heart wall is the epicardium,
the middle layer is the myocardium, and the inner layer is the endocardium
...
The two ventricles
are thick-walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart
...
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from systemic veins; the left atrium receives
oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins
...
The heart has two types of valves that keep the blood flowing in the correct
direction
...
The right atrioventricular valve is the tricuspid valve
...
The valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk is the
pulmonary semilunar valve
...
When the ventricles contract, atrioventricular valves close to prevent blood from flowing
back into the atria
...
Pathway of Blood through the Heart
While it is convenient to describe the flow of blood through the right side of the heart and
then through the left side, it is important to realize that both atria and ventricles contract at the
same time
...
Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and then is
pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen
...
From there it is pumped to the systemic circulation
...
For this reason, cardiac muscle has an extensive
network of blood vessels to bring oxygen to the contracting cells and to remove waste
products
...
After blood passes through the capillaries in the myocardium, it
enters a system of cardiac (coronary) veins
...
Physiology of the Heart
The conduction system includes several components
...
Without any neural stimulation, the sinoatrial node rhythmically
initiates impulses 70 to 80 times per minute
...
Other parts of the conduction system include
the atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, and conduction
myofibers
...
Cardiac Cycle
The cardiac cycle refers to the alternating contraction and relaxation of the myocardium in
the walls of the heart chambers, coordinated by the conduction system, during one
Title: structure of heart
Description: The heart is made up of four chambers: two upper chambers are known as the left atrium and right atrium and two lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. It is also made up of four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves.
Description: The heart is made up of four chambers: two upper chambers are known as the left atrium and right atrium and two lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. It is also made up of four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves.