Notesale: Turn your study into money

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AGE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter we will look at this history by focusing
first on britain , the first industrial region
and then india , where the pattern of industrialization
change was conditional by colonial rule
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This was not based on factories
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 In this seventeenth & eighteenth centuries in europe, merchants from the towns in

europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to peasants & artisans,
persuading them to produce for an international market
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It was therefore difficult for new merchants to set up business in towns
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SPINNING IN THE
EIGHTNEENTH CENTURY
 You can see each member of the

family involved in the production
of yarn
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But it was only in

the eighteenth century in the late century that the number of factories
multiplied
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Its production boomed in

the late nightneenth century
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5 million
pounds of raw cotton to feed its cotton industry
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 This increase was linked to a number of changes within the process of

production
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(Cardling , twisting
and spinning and rolling)
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Growing at a rapid pace, cotton was the leading sector in the first phase of
industrialization upto the 184os
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 Second: The new industries could not easily displace traditional industries
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Textiles was a
dynamic sector
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 Fourth: Technological changes occured slowly
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New technology was expensive
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Peasant & vagrants moved to the cities in

large number in search of jobs, waiting for work
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 So industrialists has no problem of labour shortage or high wage cost
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 In many industries the demand for labour was seasonal
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So they needed more workers to meet their peak demand
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At the waterfront , winter was the time that ships were repaired & spruced up
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LIFE OF THE WORKERS
 The abundance of the labour in the market affected the lives of workers
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 The actual possiblility of getting a job depended on existing networks of

frienship & kin relations
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But not everyone had social
connections
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Wages increased somewhat in the early nighteenth
century
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SPINNING JENNY
 Spinning jenny : devised by James

hargreaves in 1764 , this machine
speeded up the Spinning process
amd reduced labour demand
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THE ENGLISH FACTORY AT SURAT , A SEVENTEENTH CENRURY DRWAING

MANCHESTER COMES TO INDIA
 In 1772, Henry Patullo , a company official , a ventured to say that the

demand for the indian textiles could never reduce , since no other nation
produced goods of the same quality
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In 1811- 12 piece goods accounted for
33 percent of india’s export
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They presssurised the
government to impose import duties on cotton textiles so that the
manchester goods sell in britain without facing any competition from
competition
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Most of them about 67 percent in 1911 were
located in Bengal and Bombay
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Only a small portion over a total industrial
Labour forced worked in registered Factories
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MARKET FOR GOODS
 We have seen how British manufactures attempted to take over the indian market and

how indian weavers & craftsmen industrialists resisted colonial controls demanded
tariff protection, created thier own spaces
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 But when new products are produced people have to be persuaded to buy them
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One way in which new consumers are created
through advertisements
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They try to

shape the minds of people & create new needs
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 They appear in newspapers, magazines, hoardings, street walls, television screens
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