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Title: Business process
Description: It's contains of information about ideas in business.
Description: It's contains of information about ideas in business.
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Chapter 5
The Technology
Architecture of BPM
In This Chapter
Looking at the architectural design principles underlying BPM
Understanding the role of SOA in BPM’s technology architecture
Defining how BPM better aligns IT architecture with business strategy
B
PM provides the most comprehensive and flexible
process-centric approach to operational business infrastructure ever devised
...
The technology architecture of BPM includes the set of component technologies that combine to support the functional
goals and business drivers
...
UNIFIED WORKSPACE
Task Inboxes
User Interfaces
Monitoring Dashboards
EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT
Business Rule Engine
Process Engine
Analytics Engine
SIMULATION ENGINE
PROCESS DESIGN TOOLS
Process Modeling
Rule Definition
Key Performance Indicator Definition
Process Development
& Implementation
User Interface Design
METADATA REPOSITORY
Figure 5-1: The BPM technology architecture
...
BPM
leverages functionality from across the applications and data
landscape using middleware in two ways:
1
...
This approach is
the old way
...
This approach
has been used in the past, but it doesn’t support the
BPM drivers of agility, flexibility, IT productivity, and
business empowerment
...
Use standard interfaces called adapters to communicate with systems — regardless of the platform or
geographical location of those systems
...
Adapters can be applied to internal applications (via Enterprise Application Integration or EAI)
or those of partner organizations (via Business-toBusiness connections, known as B2B)
...
ESBs use standard Web service interfaces and a bus topography to wrap
existing IT assets as Web services to be called by the process
execution environment (see Figure 5-2)
...
38
BPM Basics For Dummies
Application
Integration
Services
Partner
Integration
Services
Business
Rules
Monitoring
Admin
&
Management
Service
Registry
Enterprise Service Bus
Adapter
Adapter
Flat
File
Web Services-enabled
Applications
Legacy Systems
Trading Partner
Systems
Figure 5-2: The Enterprise Service Bus architecture
Metadata: The Logical Glue
Metadata is “data about data” — information about your data
...
Metadata is critical to facilitating discovery, interpretation, and impact analysis in BPM
...
Metadata is kept in a controlled repository — a centralized
library for storing information about all the parts and pieces
(known as assets) of process designs, including Web services,
rule services, process models, documents, and more
...
There’s more
...
Metadata repositories come with a search capability that
allows you to find all these assets using what’s called richattribute-based search techniques — it’s like using a search
engine for your process assets
...
Many metadata repositories now use semantic technologies to
organize the metadata
...
These
semantic technologies let you put in full descriptions of components and define the relationships between metadata elements
...
For example, semantic technology notifies a
developer to modify a process when a Web service that is
used by that process has its output format changed
...
This unified
modeling environment helps them collaborate on process
modeling, Key Performance Indicator (KPI) definition, composite application design, and the definition of business rules
and task routing rules
...
Defining processes and
designing workflows
The process design tool allows business analysts to design
and document executable processes
...
As shown in Figure 5-3,
process design tools are graphical, and usually allow process
developers to use the drag-and-drop technique
...
This permits better understanding and communication
between developers
...
There are views for both the
technical developer (top) and the business user
...
In cases such as this, most tools allow
for the documentation of requirements around the process for
clear communication to process developers
...
A simple rule might be:
Always route bug fix requests to Joe
...
Most BPM tools also integrate processes with calendar tools
like Microsoft Outlook; or they may have the ability to define
a calendar directly in the tool itself
...
Chapter 5: The Technology Architecture of BPM
41
Developing processes
Process design tools reveal all the important technical details
you need to implement process steps using existing services
that have been built and hosted in the ESB or standard Web
Services environment
...
Developers edit the model or expand on steps to build them
out as complete sub-processes
...
Defining business rules
Business rules are the policies and procedures that automate
decision points within a business process
...
This made accessing and changing them difficult,
because the business manager responsible for the rule couldn’t
do it without time-consuming and extensive IT support
...
BPM technology makes extensive use of rules
...
For example:
If average order volume trends up by more
than two standard deviations, send an alert
to the VP of Finance
...
Authorized users can change process rules in two ways: They
can directly edit the rules within a production environment,
or edit rules within a development environment and then
promote them through the normal release cycle
...
Rules engines have intuitive interfaces and approaches for
designing business rules, including simple tables, graphical
flow diagrams, and other complex visual decision trees and
tools
...
The process execution engine executes the rule
services like any other ESB service
...
BPM suites include an integrated
capability to build the applications and their user interfaces
(UIs)
...
BPM CAF environments are fast and easy to use
...
It’s called codeless, because the developer needn’t write
any computer code, such as Java or HTML, to build them
...
CAF tools use Web 2
...
The most advanced tools also have
controls that can be dragged-and-dropped onto the design
palette to rapidly build new forms and UIs
...
In BPM, you use one platform to design and build both
processes and CAF user interfaces
...
Chapter 5: The Technology Architecture of BPM
43
Simulation
After you design a process, you may want to first test it “in the
lab
...
You simulate a process in the same environment used for
modeling
...
A
process simulation is run as a project under one or more scenarios
...
Simulations run processes through what-if scenarios while you
adjust for changes in task characteristics such as resource
requirements, cost, durations (cycle time), and queuing characteristics
...
Because many processes are triggered by the arrival of a document, the creation of process instances for simulation is controlled through document generation
...
Simulation
results are presented graphically, with information about completed work steps, queue lengths, incoming documents, document routing within the process, starting, stopping, and so on
...
Real-time reports provide immediate feedback, and are constantly updated as the
simulation progresses
...
Post-simulation reports provide more
detail, including simulation data, analytics, and charts
...
The Execution Environment
The execution environment is the real-time operational system
that manages and monitors processes as they perform
...
It handles the routing of work
tasks to people, according to the routing rules defined in the
model
...
It coordinates interactions with third-party applications
through the middleware and also provides process audits
...
It collects and analyzes process data for presentation to process owners
...
Track volumes (such as number of loans processed or value of
orders approved), velocities (cycle times, step completion times), errors (such as transactions occurring out of
sequence), and special user-defined conditions
...
Delivers alerts via
e-mail, mobile devices, or through Web services
...
Automatically generate upper
and lower statistical boundaries, based on historical patterns, for use by the alert engine
...
Make statistically-valid predictions of future events
...
The Unified Workspace
The top layer in the BPM technology architecture is the unified
workspace
...
It coordinates and facilitates day-to-day tasks,
as specified by the process model
...
Using e-mail or
Web page notification, they alert the worker of tasks and present information on status, priority escalation, and delegation
...
Managers
see a higher-level view of the tasks assigned out to process
workers and their current state
...
In addition, best-ofbreed BAM tools (see the “Monitoring dashboards” section for
more information) deploy KPIs that allow these managers to
view the performance of individual process workers and their
effectiveness on particular tasks within the process
...
These user interfaces
can either present data to users as part of their task execution
or provide forms for the input of data connected to that task
...
With BAM, business
users perform their own analysis and determine the root cause
of process problems
...
See Figure 5-4
...
The user can drill down and explore
levels of detail — by process step or by KPI rule — to determine where problems are occurring
...
46
BPM Basics For Dummies
Figure 5-4: BAM displays
...
Business users see the
operation of the same process they specified
...
With BPM you include these and other similar IT assets as
part of the solution
...
Title: Business process
Description: It's contains of information about ideas in business.
Description: It's contains of information about ideas in business.