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Title: BIOLOGY 101 CLASS NOTES PART 2
Description: BIOLOGY 101 CLASS NOTES PART 2
Description: BIOLOGY 101 CLASS NOTES PART 2
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Why Study Biology?
1
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Do want help with other classes?
a
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(proverbs 9:10)
b
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Composed of one or more Cells
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Stores “genes” on DNA (Heredity)
3
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a
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Develop as in mature over time
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Capture and use energy and raw materials
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Sense and response to the environment and tend to adapt to their environment over time
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No cells & can’t reproduce independently
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Aberrant proteins; no cells & can’t reproduce independently
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Life = Biological definition; not Spiritual
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Observe phenomenon >> Questions
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Develop Hypotheses
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Very general statement
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Must make into a prediction
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Make Testable predictions
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Devise test of predictions
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Carry out test to analyze results
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Interpret data/results
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Procedures used to study a phenomenon under known conditions
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Can never prove a hypothesis 100% correct
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Can’t prove a Hypothesis “true”
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Only provide evidence that it’s not wrong
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Fail to reject
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Group receiving treatment you are testing
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A standard for comparison
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Identical to experimental group except for variable being studied
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Experimenter’s preconceived ideas that influence how & what experiments are done &/or
how they are interpreted
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“Non-representative” sample skews results
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Too small or just not consistent with total population
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Minimize by using large samples
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Atom, Molecule, Organelle
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Cell (Tissue, Organ, Organ System)
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4
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(Species)
a
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5
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a
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6
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A community, (multiple species in 1 area) as well as non-living factors like mineral/radiation
content, etc
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Biosphere
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All of the Ecosystems of the earth
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Two-part naming system devised by Carolus Linnaeus
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First name is Genus (plural, Genera)
a
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Second name is species within Genus
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Give general name first, (Homo) then specific name within genus (Sapiens)
Categories of Biological Classification
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Dumb
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a
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3
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a
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Class
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Came
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Order
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Over
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a
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Genus
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Good
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Species
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Spagehtti
Three Domains with Six Kingdoms
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a
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b
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2
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a
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b
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3
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a
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1
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2
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3
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4
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1 Eularyotic Domain with 4 Kingdoms
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2
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a
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3
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4
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(Domains Archaea and Bacteria)
Fungi
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Consumers/decomposers
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Extracellular digestion and absorption
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Cell walls w/ Chitin
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All are multicelled
2
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3
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4
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Animals
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a
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b
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c
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d
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2
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a
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Animal Cell Features
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Centrioles
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Nucleus
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Ribosomes
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a
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History of Microscopes & Cells
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a
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b
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Late 1600’s Leeuwenhoek observed microscopic cells from many interesting places
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He made sketches
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Rudolf Virchow (mid 1800’s) concluded that all cells are descended from already existing cells
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Cell Theory
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Plasma Membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model
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2
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Lipids: Phospholipids and Sterols
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Protein: Transporters, receptors, adhesion and proteins for self-recognition
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Carbohydrates: Sometimes attached to proteins & lipids on outside; cushioning/protection;
cell recognition; glue
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Generally stuck on a protein or a lipid
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Structural proteins
a
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b
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2
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Carry ions or molecules through the membrane
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Some are regulated by the cells
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Communication Proteins:
a
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b
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3
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4
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Components of Nucleus
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Double-Double lipid bilayer with regulated pores
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3
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Terms:
Biology: The scientific study of life
Title: BIOLOGY 101 CLASS NOTES PART 2
Description: BIOLOGY 101 CLASS NOTES PART 2
Description: BIOLOGY 101 CLASS NOTES PART 2