Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Lecture: Building and Enhancing New Literacies
Definition of Terms:
LITERACY
– a complex set of abilities needed to
understand and use the dominant symbol
systems of a culture – alphabets, numbers,
visual icons – for personal and community
development
...

– It is an essential foundation for learning
through life, and must be valued as a human
right
...
Literacy involves a
continuum of learning to enable an individual to
achieve his or her goals, to develop his or her
knowledge and potential, and to participate fully
in the wider society” (UNESCO)
...
Its reach is
extensive and complex, influencing how fully and
effectively a person is able to engage in the
social and economic life of his or her community
...

– The notion of basic literacy is used for the
initial learning of reading and writing which
adults who have never been to school need to
go through Barton (2006)
...

– It includes the ability to analyze things,
understand general ideas or terms, use symbols
in complex ways, apply theories, and perform
other necessary life skills―including the ability

to engage in the social and economic life of the
community
...

EMERGENT LITERACY
- Emergent literacy encompasses the
knowledge, skills, and attitudes that a child
develops in relation to reading and writing
throughout the early childhood period, starting at
birth and before the onset of conventional
reading and writing instruction (usually at school
entry)
...

LITERACY
- Between 1950 and 1970, the development of
literacy, both operational and functional, was
established
...

• Beyond the 1990s, literacy had started to
diversify in the light of technological
developments, change of living conditions in
cities, and the new necessities
...

• At first, literacy was used in various types; such
as computer literacy, technology literacy,
Internet literacy, and media literacy, respectively
(Altun, 2005)
...

• Literacy has changed and developed through a
multitude of phases within a specific period
based on societal needs
...

• It includes a socially-driven and evolved a
pattern of activities, such as writing
correspondence, records keeping and
inventories, posting announcements, reporting,
etc
...
To be literate requires
comprehension, selection and use of
multimodal codes and conventions to

Patchie <3

1

interpret and express ideas, feelings and
information
...

• Literacy in the 21st century demands the
ability to perform and act confidently,
efficiently and ethically with a wide range of
written and visual, print, live, digital or electronic
text types according to purpose
...
20th Century
literacy combines cross curricular capabilities
also called "multiliteracies' and now
commonly referred to as 'new literacies
...

• These new literacies are fused with traditional
print literacy to create opportunities and enable
students to understand and use new text types,
while exploring knowledge and information with
a wide array of technological tools, such as
blogging, fanfic writing, manga producing,
meme-ing, photoshopping, animé music video
(AMV), podcasting, vodcasting, and gaming,
running a paperbased zine, reading literary
novels and wordless picture books, reading
graphic novels and comics, and reading bus
timetables (Primary English Teaching
Association Australia, 2015)
...
Multicultural Literacy - is about
understanding ethnic groups that comprise the
population and focuses on complex issues of
identity, diversity and citizenship
2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...

6
...


7
...

FUNCTIONAL LITERACY
• The term functional literacy was initially defined
by UNESCO (1956) as adult training to meet
independently the reading and writing
demands placed on them
...

• The word "functional" means "building
capacity" and "literacy" as "reading and writing
skills
...

• Functional literacy constitutes the second level
of literacy next to basic literacy, in which literary
and mathematical information and skills can
be utilized in one's personal, social,
economic and cultural endeavors
...

• Functional literacy level comprises both
technical and functional skills while
encompassing social, citizenship, and economic
roles
...
It is, therefore, an ongoing
process
...

• UNESCO's definition also adds that functional
literacy includes those skills essential for both
official and unofficial participation, as well as
those which are necessary for national
change and development that can be used to
aid an individual in contributing to his/her own
development and that of his/her family and the
society
...

• Knoblauch and Brannon (1993) distinguished
basic literacy and functional literacy as having

Patchie <3

2

the expression "functional" to indicate
performance with texts, including mathematics
...

• Based on these definitions, functional literacy
can be concluded as an activity that
contributes to the development of an
individual and the society, including the ability
to use information and skills related to listening,
speaking, reading, writing, and arithmetic
necessary for daily life in social, cultural and
economic aspects effectively
...

- The eradication of illiteracy should begin with
population sectors, which are highly motivated
and need literacy for their own and their
country's benefit
...

- Literacy programs must impart not only reading
and writing but also professional and technical
knowledge leading to greater participation of
adults in economic and civic life
...

- The financial need for functional literacy should
be met with various resources, as well as be
provided for economic investments
...
e
...

• Thus, literacy materials present reading, writing
and numeracy concepts using words and ideas
needed in using information for learners to
enhance sufficient literacy skills and continue
learning on their own
FUNCTIONAL LITERACY: SPECIFIC
LITERACY
• A new functional literacy aspect, called
specific literacy, is becoming a trend, in which
the job of the student is analyzed to see
exactly the literacy skills needed and those
that are only taught
...


• In specific literacy, the student may learn very
little but will be of immediate value that would
result in increased learner motivation
...

• Significance of this approach includes literacy
that:
✓ starts in the workplace;
✓ uses a diagnostic approach;
✓ identifies turning points in economic life that
may act as an incentive to learning;
✓ assesses the limits of a short-term
intervention; and
✓ looks for generic skills
INTEGRATION OF NEW LITERACIES IN THE
CURRICULUM
• To address the call for literacy in today's world,
students must become proficient in the new
literacies of 21st century technologies
...

THE MULTILITERATE LEARNER
• Today, the Internet and other forms of
information and communication technologies
(ITs) are redefining the nature of reading,
writing, and communication
...

• Students would desire for:
- teachers who use ICTs skillfully for teaching
and learning;
- peers who use ICTs responsibly and who
share their knowledge;
- a literacy curriculum that offers opportunities
for collaboration with peers around the world;
- instruction that embeds critical and culturally
sensitive thinking into practice, standards and
assessments that include new literacies;
- leaders and policymakers who are committed
advocates of ICTs for teaching and learning; and
- equal access to ICTs for all classrooms and
students
• Coiro, et
...

IMPACT OF NEW LITERACIES ON
INSTRUCTION
• Henry (2008) restated that engagement in
literacy activities is being transformed today like
at no other time in history
...

• The Internet has become the defining
technology for today's youth and may be the
most important ICT for students to learn how to
manipulate successfully
...

• Rapid profound changes in technology impact
students' literacy journey
...
• Changes bear important implications
to instruction, assessment, professional
development and research
...

• Students need to be taught different skills that
should reflect the specific demands of a
complex, competitive, knowledge-based,
information-age, technology-driven economy
and society
...
Teachers may
advocate teaching cross-disciplinary skills, while
schools may require 21s century skills in both
instruction and assessment processes
...

• Educational strategies, that include authentic,
outcome-based learning, project based learning
and performance-based learning tend to be
cross-disciplinary in nature
...

• Schools may allow students to pursue
alternative learning pathways, in which students
earn academic credit and satisfy graduation
requirements by completing an internship,
apprenticeship or immersion experience
...

LECTURE: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING
AND ENHANCING NEW LITERACIES ACROSS
THE CURRICULUM
21st CENTURY EDUCATION CONTEXTS
• This modern society is ushered in by a
dramatic technological revolution
...

• According to Dr
...

• Emerging technologies and resulting
globalization also provide unlimited possibilities
for exciting discoveries and developments
...

• This has become an innovation in education,
from textbook driven, teacher-centered, paperand-pencil schooling into a better understanding
of the concept of knowledge and a new definition
of the educated person
...


Patchie <3

4

• Schools will go from 'buildings' to 'nerve
centers’, with open walls and are roofless while
connecting teachers, students and the
community to the breadth of knowledge in the
world
...

• Therefore, the 21st century will require
knowledge generation, not just information
delivery, and schools will need to create a
"culture of inquiry"
...

Today, learners are viewed in a new context
...

THE 21ST CENTURY CURRICULUM AND
LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
- The twenty-first century curriculum has critical
attributes that are interdisciplinary, projectbased, and research-driven
...

- The curriculum also integrates higher- order
thinking skills, multiple intelligences,
technology and multimedia, multiple
literacies and authentic assessments,
including service-learning
...

- They use technologies, including Internet
systems and other platforms
...

- Inside every classroom students shall apply
their knowledge of research in life, which is a
clear indication of a relevant, rigorous, 21st
century real-life curriculum
TECHNOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY
PEDAGOGY
- Technologies are not ends in themselves but
these are tools students use to create
knowledge for personal and social change
...
Therefore, a better bandwidth of WiFi access should be available along areas of the
school for the students to access their files and
supplement their learning inside the classroom
...

- All classrooms should have televisions to
watch broadcasts created by the school and
other schools around
...

UNDERSTANDING 21ST CENTURY
LEARNERS
- Today’s students are referred to as digital
natives while educators as digital immigrants
(Prensh, 2001)
...
Their predominant
senses are motion and touch
...

• Digital immigrants – often reflect, are
sequential, and linear
...
They tend to
intellectualize and believe that learning is
constant (Hawkins and Graham, 1994)
...

- They take in the world via the filter of
computing devices, such as cellular phones,
hand-held gaming devices, PDAs, and laptops
plus the computers, TVs, and game console at
home
...
Kaiser Family
Foundation found that young people (ages 818) spend on electronic media an average of
six hours a day
...


Patchie <3

5

- The preschoolers easily navigate electronic
multimedia resources on games, in which they
learn colors, numbers, letters, spelling, and more
complex tasks, such as mixing basic colors to
create new colors, problem solving activities,
and reading
...
Michael Wesch points out,
although today’s students understand how to
access and utilize these tools, they use them
only for entertainment purposes
...

21st CENTURY SKILLS OUTCOME AND THE
DEMANDS IN THE JOB MARKET
• The 21st Century skills are a set of abilities that
students need to develop to succeed in the
information age
...

• These skills have always been important in an
information-based economy
- Skills demanded in the job market include:
• Knowing a trade
• Following directions
• Getting along with others
• Working hard
• Being professional, efficient, prompt,
honest, and fair
...

- Therefore, for a perfect match between
academe and industry demands, schools
need to embed time-tested industrydemanded work skills in the curriculum
...

- Teachers should practice teaching crossdisciplinary skills in related courses, such as:
- integrating research methods in various
disciplines;
- articulating technical scientific concepts in
verbal written, and graphic forms;
- presenting laboratory reports to a pool of
specialists, and
- use emerging technologies, software
programs and multimedia applications as an
extension of an assigned project
- Schools and teachers should use a variety of
applied skills, multiple technologies, and new
ways of analyzing and processing information,
while also taking initiative, thinking creatively,
planning out the process, and working
collaboratively in teams with other students
...

- In today's world, information and knowledge
are continuously increasing at a certain rate that
no one can learn everything about every
subject
...
Thus,
merely teaching them ideas and facts without
teaching them how to use them in real-life
settings is no longer enough
...
The purpose of school should
be to prepare students for success after
graduation and therefore, schools need to
prioritize the knowledge and skills that will
be in the greatest demand, such as those

Patchie <3

6

deemed to be most important by college
professors and employers
A PARADIGM SHIFT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
EDUCATION
- The paradigm shift from the 20th to the 21st
Century shows that the structure and
modalities of education have evolved
...

- Assessment has been made varied to address
multiple literacy development in diverse
contexts
...

- Curriculum is designed in such a way that it
connects to life in the real world,
interconnected with other disciplines, and
reshapes the students’ holistic perspectives
...
Integrated and Interdisciplinary
• Education in the 21st Century is characterized
by interfacing various disciplines in an integrated
manner rather than compartmentalizing its
subsequent parts
...

2
...

• It implies a need to acquire and use computers
and multimedia equipment and the design of a
technology plan to enhance learning at its best
...
Global Classrooms
• Education in the 21st Century aims to produce
global citizens by exposing students to the
issues and concerns in the local, national and
global societies
...
Creating/ Adapting to Constant Personal
and Social Change and Lifelong Learning
• Education in the 21st Century subscribes to the
belief that learning does not end within the four
walls of the classroom
...

• This means that teachers should facilitate
students' learning even beyond academics
...

• As such, the curriculum should be planned in
such a way that students will continue to learn
even outside the school for life
5
...

• Differentiated instruction is relevant in the 21st
Century classrooms, where diversity factors and
issues are taken into account and addressed
when planning and delivering instruction,

Patchie <3

7

including their learning styles, interests, needs
and abilities
...
21st Century Skills
• Education in the 21st Century demonstrates
the skills needed in becoming productive
members of society
...

• Therefore, it implies that teachers should
possess these skills first before their students
...
Project- Based and Research Driven
• 21st Century education emphasizes data,
information and evidence-based decisionmaking through student activities that encourage
active learning
...

8
...

• It implies the use of current and relevant
information linked to real-life situations and
contexts
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A 21ST
CENTURY TEACHER
Multi-literate – Teachers know how to use
various technologies in teaching
...

Multi-skilled – Teachers cope with the demand
for widening learning opportunities by being
skillful not just in teaching but also in facilitating
and organizing groups and activities
...

Lifelong Learner – Teachers embrace the ideal
that learning never ends
...
They should also share what
they are learning with their students and
colleagues with a high sense of professionalism
...
They
can facilitate learner-centered teaching with
flexibility using alternative modes of delivery
...

Critical Thinker – Teachers are critical thinkers
as they encourage students to reflect on what
they have learned, and rekindle in them the
desire to ask questions, reason out, probe, and
establish their own knowledge and belief
...

High Emotional Quotient – Teachers do not
just have the head but also the heart to teach
...


Patchie <3

8



---