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Title: Chem Study Guide
Description: Phases of interphase, mitosis and meiosis, down syndrome, turner syndrome, klinefelter, tetrad v. dyad, spermatogenesis v. oogenesis, diploid v. haploid, three types of neurons, function of pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, hormones, insulin v glucagon, ACTH, growth hormone, bones, joints, degrees of movement, and more! From a freshman college course of Chemistry.
Description: Phases of interphase, mitosis and meiosis, down syndrome, turner syndrome, klinefelter, tetrad v. dyad, spermatogenesis v. oogenesis, diploid v. haploid, three types of neurons, function of pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, hormones, insulin v glucagon, ACTH, growth hormone, bones, joints, degrees of movement, and more! From a freshman college course of Chemistry.
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Exam 3 Outline
Phases of interphase (G1, S, and G2)
(Longest phase of cell cycle)
G1- growth occurs as organelles double
S- DNA replication occurs as chromosomes duplicate
G2- growth occurs as cell prepares to divide
makes protein
Chromosome structure
Thickened complex of DNA and proteins; chromosomes consist of one chromatid
Proper sequence of mitosis and meiosis
Difference between mitosis and meiosis
Phases of mitosis and meiosis during life cycle (growth, reproduction)
Mitosis:
Prophase: no synapses
Metaphase: chromosomes align at metaphase plate
Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
Telophase: daughter cells form
(Daughter nuclei are genetically identical to parent cell)
Meiosis: (8 stages)
Meiosis 1:
Prophase: synapses and crossing over
Metaphase: Homologous align independently
Anaphase: Homologous separate
Telophase: daughter cells form
Meiosis 2:
Sister chromatids separate
(Daughter nuclei are not genetically identical to parent cell)
Cell Cycle duration of Cell division (interphase and M phase)
Interphase has longest duration (prepare for division)
Structures found in cell that are important for cell division
Centrioles
Down syndrome, turner syndrome, and klinefelter
Down Syndrome: trisomy 21; recognizable characteristics
Turner Syndrome: absence of second sex chromosome (45, XO)
female; cant reproduce
Klinefelter Syndrome: extra X inactivated as Barr body (47, XXY)
Male; developed breasts; long arms and legs
Tetrad vs
...
oogenesis
Spermatogenesis: in males, occurs in testes and form semineferous tubules for sperm
Oogenesis: in females, occurs in ovaries and produce egg (ovum)
Sister chromatids vs
...
haploid
Diploid: cell condition in which two of each type of chromosomes
are present (2W)
Haploid: only one of each type of chromosomes is present (W)
(meiosis produce haploid cell)
Chapter 27
Structures of neuron
Three types of neuron (sensory, interneuron, motor)
Sensory neurons: take impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
may be simple to naked nerve ending or built into a complex organ
like the eye (towards CNS, brain spinal cord)
Interneurons: occurs entirely within CNS; take nerve impulses between
various parts of CNS as part of integration; complex pathways in brain
thinking, language, and memory (CNS brain spinal cord)
Motor neurons: take nerve impulse from CNS to muscle or gland; innervate
structure cause them to contract or secrete; towards muscles (organs that produce response)
Neurotransmitters
Chemical signals; language for neurons
Salutatory conduction
In myelinated axons, an action potential at one node of ranvier causes an
action potential in the node
Signal jumps from node to node speeds of conduction of signal
Function of pons, thalamus, hypothalamus
Pons: start of all nerves; controls a lot of autonomic functions
Thalamus: gateway to cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus: produce physical response to emotion; command center
Structures found in limbic system
Hippocampus: stores memory
Amygdala: emotional overtones (pain, anger, fear)
Sympathetic vs
...
parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin: hormone that helps regulate blood calcium level blood clotting;
decreases calcium (stimulate osteoblasts)
Parathyroid: promotes activity of osteoclasts and the release of calcium
from the bones; increase calcium (stimulate osteoclasts)
Insulin vs
...
osteoblasts
Osteoclasts: digest bone, release calcium
Osteoblasts: deposit bone, store calcium
Appendicular vs axial skeleton
Axial: skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Appendicular: everything else: pelvic bone, scapula, limbs
Hinge vs
Title: Chem Study Guide
Description: Phases of interphase, mitosis and meiosis, down syndrome, turner syndrome, klinefelter, tetrad v. dyad, spermatogenesis v. oogenesis, diploid v. haploid, three types of neurons, function of pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, hormones, insulin v glucagon, ACTH, growth hormone, bones, joints, degrees of movement, and more! From a freshman college course of Chemistry.
Description: Phases of interphase, mitosis and meiosis, down syndrome, turner syndrome, klinefelter, tetrad v. dyad, spermatogenesis v. oogenesis, diploid v. haploid, three types of neurons, function of pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, hormones, insulin v glucagon, ACTH, growth hormone, bones, joints, degrees of movement, and more! From a freshman college course of Chemistry.