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Biology Exam Questions and
Solutions with detailed explanations
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Why is it that excessive heating and the use of cooking oil on a
regular basis is so bad?
(1) The oil vapors can cause indoor pollution
(2) Carcinogenic substances like benzpyrene are produced
(3) Nutrient value of food is lost
(4) Loss and wastage of oil

Definition;
Heating an oil changes its properties, which means that oils
regarded as healthy at room temperature no longer are
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above specific temperatures The hot button is
the temperature at which a specific fat or oil begins to melt
to smoke and degrade, yielding acrolein
noxious-smelling substance A study conducted in 2001 discovered
polyunsaturated oils such as soya, canola, and sunflower
and corn oil degrade rapidly, releasing toxic compounds
when heated, as well as the prolonged consumption of these
Polyunsaturated oils that had been degraded were linked to
atherosclerosis, inflammatory arthritis, and the

occurrence of birth defects

2
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It is the main sex hormone in women and is essential to the
menstrual cycle
...
Secondary sex characteristics, which are
the defining differences between men and women that don’t relate
to the reproductive system, are determined in part by estrogen
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Clove is a common spice that comes from the following plants:
(1) root
(2) stem
(3) flower bud
(4) fruit

Definition;
Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a Myrtaceae tree
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When the flower buds are ready for collection, they are pale at first
and gradually turn green, then bright red
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Hard manual laborers acquire thick skin on their hands and
soles as a result of:

(1) thick epidermis
(2) thick dermis
(3) thick subcutaneous tissue
(4) All of these
Definition;
Examining the dermis, the layer of skin beneath the epidermis
(outer layer), and a specific
A fibroblast is a type of cell found within this layer
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sites on the body It is believed that the DKK1 rich source
The epidermal layer above it is affected in these areas
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DKK1 causes the epidermis to thicken
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thickening
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5
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This light is called photosynthetically
active radiation (PAR)
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Light has maximum efficiency in red and minimum
in blue region
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Red light favors more carbohydrate accumulation
while blue light favors more protein synthesis

6
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It is made up of two
copies of positive single-stranded DNA
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in relation to nucleocapsid proteins

7
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When the sample is exposed to an
excess of potassium dichromate, all of the ethanol is converted to
acetic acid
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The hue of the yellow dichromate-coated
crystals changes from yellow to green when alcohol vapor comes
into contact with them
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8
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Tricalcium phosphate has the chemical formula Ca3 (PO4 ) 2 and is
a calcium salt of phosphoric acid
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One of the
principal combustion products of bone is calcium phosphate
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9, Angora wool is derived from the —
(1) rabbit
(2) sheep

(3) fox
(4) goat

Definition;
The downy coat produced by the Angora rabbit is referred to as
Angora wool
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(fluffiness)
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It is correct
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Angora rabbits produce coats in a variety of colors
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Which of the following diseases is more common in women
than in men?
(1) Heart attack
(2) Hepatitis
(3) Joint arthritis
(4) Arthritis

Definition;
Although the symptoms of heart disease may be subtle in women,
when a heart attack occurs, women are more likely to die than men
...
According to researchers, when men have heart disease,
the larger blood vessels are affected, whereas in women, the small
blood vessels become diseased 10
...
5 grams (0
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It is a protrusion of
the hypothalamus at the base of the brain that rests in a small,

bony cavity covered by a dural fold
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11, The pituitary gland is found in the—
(1) brain
(2) kidney
(3) liver
(4) intestine

Definition;
The average normal blood glucose level in humans is
approximately 4 mM (4 mmol/L or 72 mg/dL, i
...

milligrams/deciliter); however, this level varies throughout the day
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Normal Human Glucose
Blood Test results should be between 70 and 100 milligrams per
deciliter (mg/dL) before meals and less than 180 mg/dL after meals
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What is the MG/DL limit of blood sugar in a normal person
during a fast?
(1) 40-60
(2) 120-150
(3) 70-100
(4) 160-200

Definition;
The average normal blood glucose level in humans is
approximately 4 mM (4 mmol/L or 72 mg/dL, i
...

milligrams/deciliter); however, this level varies throughout the day
...
Normal Human Glucose

Blood Test results should be between 70 and 100 milligrams per
deciliter (mg/dL) before meals and less than 180 mg/dL after meals
...
If the cross-section of a tree stem has fifty rings, how old is the
tree? (1) 50 months
(2) 5 years
(3) 25 years
(4) 50 years

Definition;
Dendrochronology, also known as tree-ring dating, is a scientific
method of dating based on the analysis of tree-ring patterns, also
known as growth rings
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The formation of growth
rings is caused by new growth in the vascular cambium, a layer of
cells near the bark that is classified as a lateral meristem
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Visible rings
form as a result of changes in growth rate throughout the year, and
one ring typically marks the passage of one year in the life of the
tree
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Onion is a hybrid of,
(1) leaf
(2) stem
(3) root
(4) None of these

Definition;
An onion has a bulb, or more specifically a tunicate bulb, which is
a modified form of stem
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The bulb has
a few dry and membranous outer layers that encircle the bulb,

which is where tunicate comes from
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15, Maize is pollinated by a variety of insects,
(1) self-pollination
(2) pollination by insects
(3) pollination by air
(4) pollination by rain

Definition;
Air pollinates maize (known as corn in some parts of the world)
...
On a corn, the
majority of the flowers are either male or female, rather than both
sexes in one flower
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They don't require pretty petals
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16
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" All
penicillin antibiotics are â-lactams and are used to treat bacterial
infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive,
organisms
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What effect does antigen have on a sick person?
bacteria,
(1) It increases the production of W
...
C
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Antibodies are
produced to combat the vaccine's weakened or dead viruses
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When new antigens enter the body, white
blood cells known as macrophages engulf them, process the
information contained in the antigens, and send it to T cells,
triggering an immune system response
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Which of the following aids in blood circulation?
(1) Erythrocytes
(2) Blood platelets
(3) Monocytes
(4) Lymphocytes

Definition;
Lymphocytes aid in blood circulation
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The lymphatic
system is an open system that serves as an additional route for
excess interstitial fluid to be returned to the bloodstream
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19
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It aids in
plant metabolic activities
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5
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Moisture is drawn to the walls of the container
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Wood will only deteriorate
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decay
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Most types of wood-inhabiting insects will attack you
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They are chlorophyll-based and feed on wood
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The keys to
preventing or controlling growth of fungi in wood in buildings are
to either keep the wood dry (below moisture content of 20 percent)

or to use preservative-treated or naturally resistant heartwood or
selected species
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Which of the following is an antibiotic with a broad spectrum of
action? (1) Paracetamol
(2) Penicillin
(3) Ampicillin
(4) Chloramphenicol

Definition;
Ampicillin is the most often used broad-spectrum antibiotic
...
Its scope and level of action are similar to
that of its successor, amoxicillin
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However, like other penicillin
medications, it is relatively non-toxic, with major side effects
occurring only infrequently
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Which of the following substances is used to keep food grains
fresh?
(1) Sodium benzoate
(2) Vinegar
(3) Sodium chloride
(4) Potassium permanganate

Definition;
Sodium benzoate is used in food preservation
...
When dissolved in water, it exists as the
sodium salt of benzoic acid
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Under acidic conditions, it is
bacteriostatic and fungistatic
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22, Asbestosis is an illness caused by asbestos
...
Emphysema is a lung disease in which tiny air sacs in
the lungs, known as alveoli, fill with air
...
The patient's breathing becomes increasingly
difficult
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23, Color vision in the eye is affected by the presence of:
(1) Choroid coat
(2) Sclerotic coat
(3) Rods
(4) Cones

Definition;
Cone cells, or cones, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the
eye that are responsible for color vision; they work best in bright
light, as opposed to rod cells, which work best in dim light
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It enables color
perception
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Which of the following is NOT one of the important steps in
processing tea leaves?
(1) Rolling
(2) Drying
(3) Fermenting
(4) Withering

Definition;
In general, there are four types of tea, each with its own
processing method
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If
the temperature is high enough, heated air is forced over the
leaves
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The primary goal of this procedure
is to reduce the amount of water
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rolled
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Twisted and rolled to break the leaf cells
up
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is taken in
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shattered during the rolling process The process of oxidation
the leaves to turn a brilliant copper color Throughout the
The leaves are dried or fired during the drying or firing process
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This happens when the amount of water leaving our
bodies exceeds the amount consumed
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The most common type of dehydration in
humans is isotonic (isonatraemic) dehydration, which effectively
equates to hypovolemia, but distinguishing isotonic dehydration
from hypotonic or hypertonic dehydration may be important when
treating people who become dehydrated
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Which of the following is the largest living bird ?
(1) Eagle
(2) Peacock
(3) Ostrich
(4) Kiwi
Definition;
Ostriches are the world's largest bird species
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27
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(2) The embryo completes its development in a test tube
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(4) eggs are fertilized outside the mother's body
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This is usually done as
part of a hormonal treatment
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The endometrium develops in the
mother's womb under the influence of hormones, and the
blastocyst is implanted, and the normal pregnancy process
continues
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(1) girth
(2) height
(3) growth rings
(4) general appearance

Definition;
The age of the trees can be determined by their growth rings
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Rings can be seen in a horizontal cross section of a tree's trunk
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a group of cells near the bark that are classified as lateral

meristem
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in the rate of growth throughout the year,
As a result, one ring usually represents the passage of one year
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The pollutant causes kidney disease in humans:
(1) Cadmium
(2) Iron
(3) Cobalt
(4) Carbon

Definition;
Cadmium (Cd), a byproduct of zinc production, is one of the most
toxic elements to which a person can be exposed at work or in the
environment
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Cd is primarily
toxic to the kidney, particularly the proximal tubular cells, which are
the primary site of accumulation
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30
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The cultivated peanut was most likely

domesticated in Peruvian valleys
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31
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The
lion-tailed macaque is one of India's most endangered primates,
found only in the rainforests of the southern Western Ghats
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It has recently been estimated that only 3,000 to
4,000 individuals remain in the wild
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The amount of fresh air required by a man is,
(1) 1000 cubic feet of air for every 20 minutes
(2) 1000 cubic feet of air for every 20 seconds
(3) 1000 cubic feet of air for every 10 minutes
(4) 1000 cubic feet of air for every 10 seconds

Definition;
By inhaling an average volume of air of 30 cubic inches sixteen
times per minute, we calculate that the expired air is no less than
17 cubic feet per hour
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5% carbonic acid gas, and is sufficient to
contaminate 3,000 cubic feet of fresh air
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03 to 0
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4
volumes per thousand volumes of air
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6 volumes per 1000 of fresh air, an unpleasant
odor quickly becomes perceptible and the air becomes
contaminated

33 Reserpine is used to treat:
(1) reduce high blood pressure
(2) increase blood pressure when it is low
(3) alleviate pain
(4) cure arthritis
Definition;
Reserpine (Lannett's Serpalan) is an antipsychotic and
antihypertensive indole alkaloid
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These are the substances
normally involved in controlling heart rate and force of contraction
Peripheral resistance and cardiac contraction

34
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" An
ELISA test detects immune responses in the body by utilizing
immune system components and chemicals (for example, to
infectious microbes)
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An enzyme (a protein that catalyzes a biochemical
reaction) is used in the ELISA test
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