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ISOMERISM
Isomerism is a phenomenon whereby different compounds have the same
molecular formula but different structural formulae or the existence of
different compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structural formulae
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Example: Butane and 2methylpropane (isobutane), each of which has the molecular formula
C4H10
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Whereas only one stable substance corresponding to the formula CH4
exists, thirty- ve stable isomers have been prepared for the formula
C9H20
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The isomers differ in the order in which the atoms are connected
together so they contain different functional groups and/or bonding pattern
e
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branching
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Constitutional isomers/ structural isomers have the same
molecular formula but different connectivity, meaning that their atoms are
connected in a different order
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Chain Isomerism: Chain isomers arise because of the possibility of
branching in carbon chains or variation of the skeleton of the molecule
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g
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CH3-CH2-CH2-CH CH3-CH (CH3)-CH3
n-butan Isobutane
Pentane C5H12 has three chain isomers; n-pentane, 2-methylbutane and
2,2-dimethylpropane
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E
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1 C3H7Br has two isomers; 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane
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It must be broken and remade
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Thus they
are compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional
groups
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Example1
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CH3
CH3-CH2-C= C=O
CH3
Example 3; C3H6O2 could be propanoic acid and methyl ethanoate
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B; if you are asked to draw structural isomers from a given molecular
formula, don’t forget to think about all the possibilities

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