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EPISTAXIS
BY,
RAKENDU GHADIYARAM
BNYS 2ND YEAR[SR]

INTRODUCTION
• Epistaxis means bleeding from the nose

• Epistaxis refers to minor bleeding from the blood vessels of the nose
• It is a commonly found complaint , especially in fields of emergency medicine related to treatment of ear , nose ,
throat[ENT} conditions
...

EPISTAXIS IS OF TWO TYPES:1
...
Posterior epistaxis

ANTERIOR EPISTAXIS:• Anterior epistaxis refers to a nose bleed that originates from the
anterior[frontal] part of nose
• It originates from kiesselbach plexus which is a vascular network
found on the nasal septum , as these arteries can be easily
traumatized
...


POSTERIOR EPISTAXIS:•

Posterior epistaxis refers to bleeding from the posterior or
superior nasal cavity

• It originates from woodruff plexus , which is vascular network
found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
...


CAUSES OF EPISTAXIS:1
...
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
B
...
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
2
...
COAGULATION DISORDERS:1
...
Afibrinogemia

D
...
Hyperspleenism
2
...
NASAL DISEASES:1
...
Tumours
3
...
sinusitis

3
...
INFECTIVE DISEASES:1
...
Malaria
3
...
Viral infections

B
...
HIGH ALTITUDE
D
...
Pseudo xanthoma elastica
2
...


SYMPTOMS:•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Blocked feeling in nasal passages
Difficulty in breathing
Nasal deformity
Facial pain and numbness
Difficulty in hearing
High fever and chills
Swelling of nose and cheeks

OTHER CAUSES OF EPISTAXIS:•
•
•
•

Avoid nose picking and try to keep your finger nails short
Try not to blow your nose too often especially during winter
Do not insert any object into your nose
...


•Cocaine and other drugs inhaled through the nose
...

•High altitudes
...

•Deviated septum (an abnormal shape of the wall that separates the two sides of the nose)
...
These medications –
antihistamines and decongestants – can dry out the nasal membranes
...
Nose packing:Gauze, special nasal sponges or foam or an inflatable latex balloon is inserted into your nose to create pressure
at the site of the bleed
...

2
...
A local anesthetic is sprayed in the nostril first to numb the inside of your nose

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