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PIONEERS OF INDIAN ANTHROPOLOGY

1) L
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ANANTA KRISHNA IYER (1861-1937)

L
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Ananta Krishna Iyer was born n 1861 in village Lakshm
Narayanapuram in the Palakkad district of Kerala
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At the age of 23,he
obtained his first employment as a clerk in the Land Settlement Office at
Wayanad
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Ananta Krishna Iyer under the orders of Goverment in the year 1902
was entrusted with the systematic ethnographic survey
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This work earned
great appreciation from the eminent foreign Anthropologists
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In recognition of
this work Governent of India was awarded hi the title of Rabo Bahadur
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he was in charge of the departent of
Anthropology in the University of Calcutta from 1920 to 1933
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Important Books:
1) The Cochin Tribes and Castes (1908,1909-12)
2) Lectures in Ethnography (1925)

3) The Anthropology of Syrian Christian (1906)
4) The Mysore Tribes and Castes (1926-1935) 4 Vols
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2) B
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GUHA (1864-1961)

Biraja Sankar Guha recieved hs MA and PhD degree in Anthropology
from Harward University in 1922nand 1924 respectively
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In 1927 he joined the oological Survey of
India as an anthropologist in its anthropological section
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B S Guha ‘Anthropological Survey of
India’ (ASI) was established and he was apponted as the Officer on Special
Duty in this institution
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In 1946 he became the founder Director of ASI and
served there until death
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B
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Guha
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First, the
Osteological study of historic and prehistoric human remains and the
second,the study of Anthropometry of the Indian population
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His doctoral thesis in anthropology was entitiled ‘The Racial Basis of the
Caste System in India’
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He listed 6 main races with 9 sub-races of Indian population
and this was the most accepted classification ever made
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Under the nfluence of the doctrine of Gandhiji, anthropologists like NK
Bose left their job to join the national movement
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He passed his Bsc Geology with
Honours and Msc Anthropology i the year 1921 and 1925 respectively
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Since he was a follower of Gandhiji in all ideas and activities, he left the
job to join Salt Satyagraha
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He was also the editor of Anthropological
journal,Man in India since 1951
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he was also worked as Advisor of thr
governament of India on Tribal Affairs
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Some of his major publications are;
1) Cultural Anthropology(1929)
2) Excavation of Mayurbhanj(1946)
3) My Days with Gandhi(1953)
4) Probles of National Integration(1957)
4) VERRIER ELWIN (1902-1964)

Padma Bhushan Dr
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But later Elwin was
engaged with anthropological work and his motive changed
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He
became totally involved among the tribes of Central India
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He came to India not to join the ruling classes
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He became an authority on Indian tribal lifestyle and culture
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After Independence he took up Indian citizenship
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His autobiography, The Tribal World of verrier Elwin won him the 1965
Sahitya Akademi Award in English Language
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Some of his important books are:
1) Philosophy for NEFA(1957)
2) The Baiga(1939)
3) The Agaria(1943)
4) Religion of the Indian Tribe(1935)
But even before the anthropological research undertaken by Verrier Elwin,
British government entrusted L K Ananta Krishna Iyer, to conduct
ethnographic surey of castes and tribes
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He received MA
Degree in Anthropology from the University of Calcutta
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Majumdar had turned down his nomination of a subdeputy collectroship and preferred to do athropological fieldwork in
Chotanagpur
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C
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In 1933 he went to Cambridge to write his doctoral thesis on culture
contact and acculturation among the Ho of Kolhan
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in
1935
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thesis published in book form entitled, A Tribe in Transition: A
study in cutural pattern(1937)
Majumdar was influenced by the theories of Malinowski and Ruth
Benedict
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He founded ‘ the ethnographic and folk culture society’
in 1945
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Majumdar and Madan classified Indian tribes on the
basis of their economic subsistance
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According to him there are three
phases of the development of anthropology in India namely; formulatory
phase, constructive phase,and critical phase
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In his book ‘Races and
Cultures of India’ he defined races
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Some of his important books:
1) A Tribe in Transition(1937)
2) The Fortunes of Primitive Tribes(1944)
3) Races and Cultures of India(1944)
4) Himalayan Polyandry( Posthumas)(1962)
5) An Introduction to Social Anthropology(with TN Madan)
6) A

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