Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: VITAMINS explained
Description: These are very good notes on vitamins for anyone pursuing a Bachelor's Degree in Biochemistry or Biology. I use these notes to lecture Biochemistry at the University of Zambia
Description: These are very good notes on vitamins for anyone pursuing a Bachelor's Degree in Biochemistry or Biology. I use these notes to lecture Biochemistry at the University of Zambia
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
VITAMINS
&
MINERALS
C
...
- They may either not be synthesized at all by the human body
or
may be synthesized only at a rate not consistent with normal
health
...
– Water-soluble vitamins are readily absorbed in the
intestine, but absorption of fat-soluble vitamins depends on
mixed bile salt micelles
• Fat-soluble vitamins deficiencies are most likely in
patients with fat mal-absorption
• Fat-soluble vitamins supplements are most effective
when taken with a fatty meal
– Water-soluble vitamins are transported in blood
– Fat-soluble vitamins are transported either as constituents
of lipoproteins or bound to specific plasma proteins
3
Fat-soluble Vitamins
1
...
– Is relatively stable at rather high temp
...
– Found in fish liver oil
– Deficiency leads to night blindness, disturbances in growth
and remodelling of bone, skin lesions of the adrenal cortex
4
Fat-soluble Vitamins cont………
...
Vitamin D
– Involved in regulating Calcium metabolism and bone
calcification
– Found in fish oil
– Effect in man:i)increases Ca absorption from intestines
ii)causes Ca mobilization from bone
iii) increases phosphate excretion by kidneys
– Deficiency leads to production of bow leg, knock-knees and
enlarged joints
...
5
Fat-soluble Vitamins cont……
...
Vitamin E
– 3 forms exist:α-, β-, γ- tocopherol; most active is the α-form
– Found in both animal and plant fats
– Biological function in man is not certain but this vitamin is
accredited to with being a member of the electron transport
system
...
6
Fat-soluble Vitamins cont………
...
Vitamin K
– 2 forms exist:K1 & K2 derived from menadione
– Both required for prothrombin biosynthesis
– Vit
...
– Vit
...
7
Water-Soluble Vitamins
***Includes vitamins B and C***
The vitamins of the B complex
• Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
• Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
• Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
• Niacin (Nicotinic acid B3)
• Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
• Biotin (Vitamin B7)
• Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
• Folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid B9)
• Because of their water solubility these vitamins can be excreted
in urine and rarely accumulate in toxic concentrations
...
• Riboflavin deficiency usually occurs along with other vitamins
deficiences and is most common in alcoholics
...
• Absorption of Vit B12 requires intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein
secreted by parietal cells of the stomach
– It binds tightly to intrinsic factor and in this form its absorbed
in the ileum
– In the blood it binds to transcobalamin II and other plasma
proteins
– Transcobalamin II directs the vitamin to the tissues where it
17
is required and prevents its renal secretion
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) cont………
• Vegetarians are at risk of deficiency unless the food is
contaminated by bacteria or fecal matter
• Recommended daily allowance for Vit B12 is 2
Title: VITAMINS explained
Description: These are very good notes on vitamins for anyone pursuing a Bachelor's Degree in Biochemistry or Biology. I use these notes to lecture Biochemistry at the University of Zambia
Description: These are very good notes on vitamins for anyone pursuing a Bachelor's Degree in Biochemistry or Biology. I use these notes to lecture Biochemistry at the University of Zambia