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Title: Integration in economics
Description: A summary on how to use integration to find: consumer surplus, producer surplus, Total revenue from marginal revenue, Total cost from marginal cost.

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EECM 3714

Lecture 11: Unit 11

Integration
Renshaw, Ch
...


β€’ Example: suppose that 𝑀𝐢 = 3π‘ž + 5
...
5π‘ž2 + 5π‘ž + 𝑐

FINDING FIXED COSTS
β€’ Note that 𝑇𝐢 = 𝑇𝑉𝐢 + 𝑇𝐹𝐢

β€’ In the preceding example, 𝑇𝑉𝐢 = 1
...

β€’ Now suppose that 𝑇𝐢 = 50 when π‘ž = 4: Substitute this information in the TC function found and
solve for c
...
e
...
5 4

2

+ 5 4 + c = 50 β†’ 𝑐 = 6

β€’ This means that 𝑇𝐹𝐢 = 6 and
∴ 𝑇𝐢 = 1
...


DERIVE TR FROM MR
𝑑𝑇𝑅

β€’ Recall that 𝑀𝑅 =

...

β€’ Example: suppose that 𝑀𝑅 = 100 βˆ’ 2π‘ž
...

𝑇𝑅 = 100 ‫ π‘žπ‘‘ Χ¬β€¬βˆ’ 2 ‫ = π‘žπ‘‘ π‘žΧ¬β€¬100π‘ž βˆ’ π‘ž2
...
Recall that

πœ‹ = 𝑅 βˆ’ 𝐢, 𝑅 = β€«π‘žπ‘‘ 𝑅𝑀 ׬‬, 𝐢 = β€«π‘žπ‘‘ 𝐢𝑀 ׬‬
...

β€’ We can then use definite integration to find the profit (cost and income) associated with a specific
output level (see E
...
15 & E
...
16)
β€’ Note that the profit maximising level of output (and the maximum profit) can be found by using
𝑀𝑅 = 𝑀𝐢

EXAMPLE 1,
β€’ Suppose a firm’s marginal revenue function is π’Žπ’“ = πŸ’πŸŽπŸŽ βˆ’ πŸπ’’, while its marginal cost function
is π’Žπ’„ = πŸ’πŸŽ + πŸπ’’ + πŸ’π’’πŸ
...

β€’ a
...


β€’ b
...

β€’ c
...
Total revenue (𝑅), Total cost (𝐢) and Profit functions
𝑅 = ‫ Χ¬ = π‘žπ‘‘ π‘Ÿπ‘š ׬‬400 βˆ’ 2π‘ž π‘‘π‘ž
= 400 ΰΆ±π‘‘π‘ž βˆ’ 2 ΰΆ±π‘ž π‘‘π‘ž = 400π‘ž βˆ’

π‘ž2

𝐢 = ΰΆ±π‘šπ‘ π‘‘π‘ž = ΰΆ±40 + 2π‘ž + 4π‘ž 2 π‘‘π‘ž

= 40 ΰΆ±π‘‘π‘ž + 2 ΰΆ±π‘ž π‘‘π‘ž +

4 ΰΆ±π‘ž 2

π‘‘π‘ž

4
= 40π‘ž + π‘ž 2 + π‘ž 3 + 𝑐
3
β€’ But, we know that C =200 if π‘ž = 3
...
Max profit: Using π‘šπ‘Ÿ = π‘šπ‘ or

π‘‘πœ‹
π‘‘π‘ž

= 0 condition

β€’ Using π‘šπ‘Ÿ = π‘šπ‘ β‡’ 400 βˆ’ 2π‘ž = 40 + 2π‘ž + 4π‘ž 2
β‡’ π‘ž 2 + π‘ž βˆ’ 90 = 0

β€’
β€’ βˆ΄π‘ž=

βˆ’1Β± 12 βˆ’4 1 βˆ’90
2 1
4

∴ πœ‹ = βˆ’3 9

3

βˆ’2 9

β€’ R= 400 9 βˆ’ 9

2

2

= 9, βˆ’10 ∴ π‘ž β‰₯ 0, π‘ž = 9

+ 360 9 βˆ’ 35 = 2071

= 3519

4

β€’ C= 3 (9)3 +(9)2 +40 9 + 35 = 1148
𝑅

β€’ c
...
18
...


𝑓(π‘ž) is the inverse demand function, while 𝑝0 π‘ž0 represents total
expenditure on the good
...
e
...


EXAMPLE: CONSUMER SURPLUS
β€’ Find the consumer surplus if 𝑝 = 100 βˆ’ 0
...
5
β€’ 𝐢𝑆 =

π‘ž2
2

100π‘ž βˆ’ 0
...
5π‘ž π‘‘π‘ž βˆ’ 20(160)

βˆ’ 3200 = 100π‘ž βˆ’ 0
...
25π‘ž 2

0
...
25 160

2

βˆ’ ሾ100 0 βˆ’

PRODUCER SURPLUS
β€’ Producer surplus measures the net benefit the producers

derive from supplying quantity π‘ž0 , at price 𝑝0
β€’ To find PS, we need to find the area above the supply curve
- again use definite integration
...
18
...

β€’ where 𝑝0 π‘ž0 is total income received by producers and 𝑔(π‘ž)
is the inverse supply function
β€’ If you are given the supply function (i
...
π‘ž = β„Ž(𝑝)), first find
the inverse supply function (𝑝 = 𝑔(π‘ž)) before finding the
definite integral
...
Find PS
β€’ Solution:
β€’ If 𝑝 = 65, then π‘ž = 20 and π‘π‘ž = 𝑝0 π‘ž0 = 1300
π‘ž

20

β€’ 𝑃𝑆 = 𝑝0 π‘ž0 βˆ’ ‫׬‬0 0 𝑔 π‘ž π‘‘π‘ž = 65(20) βˆ’ ‫׬‬0
β€’ 𝑃𝑆 = 1300 βˆ’ 3

π‘ž2
2

20

+ 5π‘ž

β€’ 𝑃𝑆 = 1300 βˆ’ 1
...
5π‘ž 2 + 5π‘ž

π‘ž=20

βˆ’ 1
...
5(20)2 +5(20) βˆ’ 1
...

2)

Given MPS, find savings functions 𝑀𝑃𝑆 =

𝑑𝑆
π‘‘π‘Œ

This means that the savings function is ‫ π‘Œπ‘‘ 𝑆𝑃𝑀 ׬‬+ 𝑐
β€’ We can also use definite integration to find the value of C or S for given income level
...

β€’ the arbitrary constant falls away here, just as with TR

𝑑𝑇𝑃
:
𝑑𝐿


Title: Integration in economics
Description: A summary on how to use integration to find: consumer surplus, producer surplus, Total revenue from marginal revenue, Total cost from marginal cost.