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STUDY GUIDE FOR STUDYING THE TABLE OF ELEMENTS
GROUP 1A Alkali Metal (H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)
 Lithium (Li) known as Earth
o Lightest element among METALS
o Diagonal relationship w/ Mg+2

o Used as Anti-depressant
Toxicity: MNOP
Movement Disorder; Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus; Hypothyroidism;
Pregnancy (Teratogenic- Ebstein Anomaly)
*Lithium Carbonate
 SODIUM (Na) Nature
o Carrier ion of Organic medicaments, increase solubility, polarizes the
drugs
...

*Sodium bicarbonate
Used as antidote for Aspirin Poisoning
*Sodium carbonate
Soda Ash; Sal Soda; Soda crystals
Used as saponifying agent
*Sodium citrate
Anticoagulant (in-vitro)
Blood coagulant (in-vivo)

Laxative (large amount)
*Sodium chloride
Electrolyte replenisher, can be found in:
PNSS
LRS- Lactated ringer sol’n
Darrow’s Sol’n
ORS- oral rehydrating salt
Salinase
*Sodium fluoride
Anti-cavity agent
*Sodium potassium tartrate
Rochelle salt; Sal seignette
Saline laxative; sequesterant in Fehling’s Sol’n
...
(Oxidizing)
Used as an antidote for Cyanide Poisoning
*Sodium nitrate/ NaNO3
 Potassium/ K
Most powerful Diuretic
For muscle contraction

If High K cardiac arrest, Low K Muscle tremors
*Potassium chloride/ KCl
Preferred salt for hypokalemia and a component of the Lethal Injection
...

 Francium/ Fr
Known for being the Heaviest chemical element of group 1
 Ammonium
Pseudo alkali metal, Hypothetical group 1A
Resembles Rb and Cs in solubility
Method of process: Haber’ Process- [NH3+1H] = NH4
Identification Test: Nessler Test
*Ammonium citrate / Spirit of Mindererus
Styptic (external)
Hemostat (internal)
*Ammonium Carbonate
Baker’s ammonia, Hartshorn
Smelling sal NH3- respiratory stimulant

*Ammonium chloride
Used in treatment of Cocaine Poisoning
Group 1B Coinage Metal ( Cu, Ag, Au )
 Copper/ Cu
3rd most malleable and conductor
Water purifier via protein precipitate
Used for Utilization of Fe in the body
Important Alloys: Brass- Cu+ Zn
Bronze- Cu+ Sn
Toxicity: Wilson’s disease- treatment: Penicillamine
Menke’s Disease- kinky hair syndrome
*Cu acetorarsenite
Known as Paris green
Used as insecticide
*Cu Sulfate
Known as BLUE vitriol
Antidote for Phosphorus Poisoning
Used as oxidizing agent in Fehling’s and Benedict’s test
 Silver / Ag
Argentum/Luna
Shining bright
Best Conductor of Heat and Electricity
*Silver nitrate/ AgNO3
Lapiz infermaliz

Used for Gonorrhea new born (opthalmia neonatum), it was used way back
but not anymore
...
Agua Regia- 3HCl + HNO3
2
...

*Zigmondy number (Gold#)
A solution of colloidal Gold used to determine the protective property of
colloid
...
4SiO2
...

 Calcium / Ca
98-99% in bones and teeth
*Calcium carbonate / CaCO3
Precipitated chalk, Limestone
Antacid (cause mild alkali syndrome)
Should never be taken w/ Tetracycline and Quinolones because Ca binds to
these drugs making them large then are excreted and this process is called
CHELATION
...

*Strontium chloride
Temperature dependent
Used as desensitizing agent in Sensodyne
 Barium / Ba
*Barium sulfate / BaSO4
Most Soluble sulfate compound
Radiopaque contrast media for XRAY
Does not dissociate in the gastrointestinal tract
Side effect is constipation
 Radium / Ra
2nd discovered element next to Uranium
Group II B Volatile Metal
 Zinc / Zn
Amphoteric metal
*Zinc chloride
Burnet’s disinfecting fluid
*Zinc oxide / Zinc white
Used as astringent and antiseptic
*Zinc sulfate / ZnSO4
Used as an ophthalmic astringent

 Cadmium
Very POISONUS metal
Used in stink bombs
*Cadmium sulfate / CdSO4
Used as Anti Sebacious
*Cadmium chloride / CdCl2
Used as a treatment for TINEA infection
...

*Ammoniated Mercury – White precipitate
*Mercurous Chloride – Calomel
*Mercuric chloride - Corrosive sub
*Amalgams – alloy of mercury, and used to fill Dental corrosive
Group III A ICOSAGENS
 Boron / B
Bridge element of Silicon

*Boric Acid NF
AKA Sal sedatum
Buffer component, ophthalmic sol’n (2
...

*Nitric oxide
Endogenous precursor of arginine
...
Elmo’s fire
 Arsenic / As
Lewisite metal
First choice of Professional Poisoning
...
Dephlogisticated muriatic acid
Used as water disinfectant (Hypochlorite)
 Bromine / Br
Reddish brown fuming liquid with a suffocating odor
Sedative/ depressant
 Iodine / I
Dark gray solid with metallic sheen
Present in thyroid hormone T4 and T3
Deficiency: Goiter Hypothyroidism
Treatment: Starch (binds to Iodine)
 Astatine / At
Unstable, the only synthetic metal radioactive halogen
Group VII B
 Manganese / Mn
Constituent of Pyruvate carbohydrase
+2 – Pink; +5 – Blue; +6 – Green; +7 - Violet
 Technetium / Tc
The First element produced artificially
Tc99m used in diagnostic preparation

Group VIII A Noble Gas
 Helium / He / Sun
2nd most abundant in the universe after Hydrogen
Artificial air and it causes Donald Duck Sound
 Neon / Ne
Emits bright-orange red light
 Argon / Ar- Lazy
Most abundant noble gas
Sub for N2, as artificial air especially if N2 reacts with active ingredient
 Krypton / Kr
Hidden, least abundant
Inhalation investigated anesthetic
 Xenon / Xe
Stranger
 Radon / Rn
Only synthetic noble gas, odorless and tasteless
Group VIIIB TRIADS
1st: Ferrous metal (FeCoNi)
2nd: Light Platinum (RuRhPd)
3rd: Heavy Platinum (OsIrPt)
 Iron / Fe
Most abundant trace element Fe2
Favorite nutrient of BACTERIA
Site of ABSORPTION: stomach and duodenum
Very irritating and should be taken with full stomach

Hematinics
 Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4)
Green vitriol
Side effects: Constipation, black stool, GI irritation
 Ferrous glutamate (Sangobion)
Less irritating
 Ferrous fumarate (Hemarate)
 Iron dextran
Prevent bleeding and anticoagulant
 Ferrous carbonate
 Basham mixtures: Iron + Ammonium acetate
 Ferric chloride (FeCl3)
Astringent; styptic
Detector of tannins and other phenolic compounds
 Ferriferrocyanide / Fe4[Fe2(CN)6]3
Prussian’s Blue, blue print dye
 Ferroferricyanide / Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2
Turnbull’s Blue, Intense blue dye
 Cobalt / Co
Manufacture of beer
*Cobaltous chloride
Lover’s ink, sympathetic ink
*Cobalt metaaluminate / Co(AlO2)3
Thenard’s blue
 Nickel
Old Nick’s Copper

2nd Triad
 Ruthenium / Ru- Catalyst
 Rhodium / Rh- Catalyst
 Palladium / Pd- finely divided steel
3rd Triad
 Osmium / Os
 Platinum / Pt –
Cisplatin and Carboplatin
both used as antineoplastic



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