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Posology
The word posology is derived from the Greek words ‘posos’ means how much and ‘logos
’means science
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Factors Affecting Posology
1
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So while determining the dose
of drug, the age of an individual is of great significance
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Children can tolerate relatively larger amounts of belladonna, digitalis and
ethanol, whereas elderly patients are more sensitive to some drug effects
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2
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Morphine and barbiturates may produce more excitement before sedation in
women
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There are certain drugs which on administration to the mother are
capable of crossing the placenta and effecting the foetus example Alcohol, barbiturates,
narcotic, and non -narcotic analgesics
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Body weight: The average dose is mentioned either in terms of mg per kg body weight or as
a total single dose for an adult weighing between 50-100 kg
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It
should be calculated according to body weight
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Route of administration: Intravenous doses of drugs are usually smaller than the oral
doses, because the drugs administered intravenously enter the blood stream directly
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The effectiveness of drug formulation is generally controlled by the
route of administration
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Time of administration: The presence of food in the stomach delay the absorption of drugs
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So the amount of drug which is
very effective when taken before a meal may not be that much effective when taken during or
after meals
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6
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Darkness is sedative
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The amount of barbiturates required to produce sleep during day time is much higher than the
dose required to produce sleep at night
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7
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The females
are more emotional than males and requires less dose of certain drugs
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Presence of disease: Drugs like barbiturates may produce unusually prolonged effect in
patients having liver cirrhosis
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9
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This occurs due to accumulative effect of the
drug
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Additive effect: When the total pharmacological action of two or more drugs administered
together is equivalent to sum of their individual pharmacological action, the phenomena is called
additive effect
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11
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The phenomena is called synergism
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Antagonism: When the action of one drug is opposed by the other drug on the same
physiological system is known as drug antagonism
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13
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The word idiosyncrasy has now been replaced by
the term drug allergy
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14
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15
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Salicylates
reduce body temperature only in case an individual has rise in the body temperature
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