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LEARNER CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors
Nature of the Learning Process
 The learning of a complex matter is most effective when it is intentional process of
constructing meaning from information and experience
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-concept of schemata and schema

Strategic Thinking
 The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning
strategies to achieve complex learning goals
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Motivation to
learn, in turn, is influenced by the individual’s emotional states, beliefs, interest and goals,
and habits of thinking
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Intrinsic motivation is stimulated by tasks of optimal novelty and
difficulty, relevant to personal interests, and providing for personal choice and control
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Without learner’s motivation to learn, the willingness to exert this effort, the
willingness to exert effort is unlikely without coercion
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Social Influences on Learning
 Learning is influenced by social interactions, interpersonal relation, and communication
with others

Individual Differences factors
Individual Differences in Learning
 learners have different strategies, approaches and capabilities for learning that are a
function of prior experience and heredity
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