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UNIT 1 FOOD, NUTRITION AND
HEALTH
Structure
I
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2
1
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3
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3
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3
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4

1
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1 Physical Health
1
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2 Mental Health
1
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3 Social Health
1
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4 Spiritual Health

1
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6 Interrelationship between Nutrition and Health
1
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8 Glossary
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1

INTRODUCTION

The word food brings to our mind countless images
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It is closely interwoven with every feature of our existence
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It sustains us, it
nourishes us
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It will give you some
idea about why food is essential for our survical
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Nutrition is the term used for the scientific study of food and how it is utilized by
the body
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healthy
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This leads us
to the vital question-how much
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for example, should an infant consume? Similarly, how much and
what foods should be consumed by a child, an adolescent, an adult or an old person?
Further, what happens when one eats too much or too little? a e s e are the types of
questions that a study of nutrition helps us answer
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1
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It would
obviously include solids, semi-solids and liquids which can be consumed and which
help to sustain the body and keep it healthy
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Have you ever wondered why? Food is
es,sentird beduse it contains substances which perform important functions in our
body
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If
these nutrients are not present in our food in sufficient amounts, the result is ill
,
health and in some cases, even death
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g
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lkde Concepts in
NlltrHlon-1

I

Food is, therefore, a rohplex mixture of different nutrients and non-nitrients
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You may be surprised to know that there are over forty
essential nutrients, which are supplied by the food we eat
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Water is important as a nutrieqt as well
a
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You will learn more about this aspect in Unit 2, Block I
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Here the
term "physiological role" refers to the role of food in maintaining certain specific
body jfunctions
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Food also has social and psychological
functions in addition to physiological ones (Figure 1
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1
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6


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We need energy
every moment of our lives for performing various types of activities such as sitting,
standing, walking and running and performing all our household and other tasks
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g
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Activities performed within the body also require expenditure of energy
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This is why these nutrients are also referred to as
the "body fuels"
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When these fuels are burnt, energy is released in the form of heat and ,
light
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Similarly, carhhydrates and fats are
burnt in the body
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Food is also needed for growth and repair
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When growth takes
place, mw cells are added to the existing ones
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On the other hand, cells do get worn out and die
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This process is called repair
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can understand the role of proteins in growth and development if we
just think of the tremendous increase in height and weight that occurs from infancy
to adulthood
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1


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Let us talk about the meaning of the term 'protective' first
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Even if a person
does develop an infection or any other type of illness, food and the nutrients it
contains facilitate rapid recovery
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He would get ill more easily as well
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As you are aware, several processes take place in the body such as
the beating of the heart, maintenance of body temperature and contraction of
muscles
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Our body temperature, for example, is
maintained at 98
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Similarly, the rate at which the heart beats is also
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This is achieved by certain specific nutrients (among other substances)
and is illustrative of their regulatory function
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So does water
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With the aid of these chemical reactions, simpler substances are used to build more
complex ones
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Figure 1
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You wilt understand this better when you go through Units 2 and 3 of Block 1
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Vitamins, minerals'and proteins play a major role in controlling
these reactions i
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they act as regulators
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1
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Sharing food with
iiny other person implies social acceptance
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Earlier only persons enjoying equal status in society ate together

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