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Title: Unusual Base Pairs in a Duplex
Description: Anatomy and physiology course

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Unusual Base Pairs in a Duplex

2
...
1), which are almost identical in their

NH2

N
N

N

O

N

HN

N

O

N

H2N

NH

N

N

N

N

O

NH2

(a)

O

(b)

N

NH2

N
N

H2N

O

O

N

HN

N

N

N

H
N

H2N
H

N

N

N
O

O

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

as

+

mismatched base pairs, in which transient tautomeric and anionic species
form Watson–Crick-type hydrogen bonds [2]
...
2
...
1) is one of the major non-Watson–Crick base pairs
that can be seen in several crystal structures of duplexes containing A⋅T base
pairs
...
1) [3]
...
A unique
characteristic is that the adenine nucleobases in the duplex have syn conformation
in their glycosidic bond angles
...
Formation of Hoogsteen-type hydrogen bonding is also possible between
guanine (G) and cytosine (C+), in which N3 atom is protonated
...
1) [5]
...


2
...
2

Purine–Pyrimidine Mismatches

Mismatched base pairs between purine and pyrimidine nucleobases are known as
transition mismatches
...
2)
...
1 and
2
...
G⋅U base pair is frequently observed in natural RNAs
...
Thus, there is no significant worsening of base stacking and
littler perturbation of the duplex conformation
...
2)
...


Sequence

XY

−𝚫H ∘

−𝚫S ∘

o
−𝚫G37

Tm

(kcal

(cal mol−1 )

(kcal

(∘ C at

mol−1 )

K−1 )

mol−1 )

10−4 M)

5′ CAAA X AAAG

CG

64
...
7

42
...
8

179

7
...
8

AT

68
...
2

40
...
6

168

6
...
8

GG

53
...
5

25
...
6

165

4
...
7

GA

52
...
2

23
...
7

137

4
...
3

AG

39
...
9

18
...
9

107

3
...
0

CT

53
...
3

19
...
0

151

3
...
5

(120)b)

(3
...
3)b)
(54
...
8)b)

(17)b)

AC
(9)b)

(35
...
9)b)

CC

(55
...
3)b)

(171)b)
(15)b)

5′ CAACTTGATATTAATA
+

Mismatch

3′ GTTGAACTATAATTAT



102
...
4

55
...
6

266

10
...
4

3′ GTTGAACTATAGTTAT

TG

95
...
5

50
...
4

286

9
...
3

3′ GTTGAATTATAATTAT

GT

91
...
4

47
...
9

265

8
...
6

3′ GTTGAACAATAATTAT

AA

92
...
26

46
...



...
9 −4
...
6 −1
...
5

1
...
1

C/G

−4
...
1 −0
...
7 −0
...
8

1
...
4 1
...
7 2
...
3

U/A

−2
...
3

0
...
1

A/U

−1
...
2

0
...
6

3′ GCX′ ZYX

GC 5′

Closing base pair
X/X′ G/C

0
...
5

[1
...
2 2
...
8

2
...
5 2
...


O

N
N

NH

N

N

N

(a)

N

N

N

N

NH

N

N

N

G (anti)

A (anti)

HN

N

NH

O

N

NH

N

N

N
N

A (anti)

O

H
N
N
N

G (syn)
G (anti)

H

N

N

(b)

G (syn)

N

O

N

N

N
N

A (syn)

N
O

O

N
N

G (anti)

N
N

H
N

N

O

G (anti)
G (syn)

pairs
...


(b)

H

+

N

N

N
N

N

O

NH2

N

N
NH

+

N

O

O

N

T (anti)

O

H2N

C+ (anti)

Parallel strand orientation
(c)


Title: Unusual Base Pairs in a Duplex
Description: Anatomy and physiology course