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Obesity
Box 16
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Box 16
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It is defined as the weight of a
person in kilograms divided by
the square of their height in
metres (kg/m2)
...
24 Physical activity is
important because it enables
the energy in food (calories) to
be used by the cells in the body
and not stored as fat (k Ch
...
Box 16
...
16
...
22 and 16
...
It can be influenced by:
• a sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits learned during childhood
(k Box 16
...
• certain genetic traits inherited from parents that exaggerate normal
adiposity, disturb energy homeostasis and worsen metabolic syndrome
(k Box 16
...
These traits can make losing weight more difficult, but do
not make it impossible
...
7
...
16
...
2 Psychological effects of obesity
People who are not happy with their weight may experience psychological
difficulties such as low self-esteem and reluctance to mix with other people,
which can lead to depression and affect relationships with family members
and friends
...
16
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3 The health risks associated with obesity
Taking it Further
Anthropometry is the
measurement of body
proportions
...
Box 16
...
Obesity puts a strain on many of the body’s systems, with wide-reaching
effects on many body systems and aspects of long-term health:
• impaired glucose tolerance interferes with the ability to use insulin
effectively
• high cholesterol and lipid levels in blood which can drive progression of
atherosclerosis
• osteoarthritis due to excessive weight on the joints, causing pain which
in turn prevents exercise and may lead to more weight gain
• coronary heart disease due to the higher risk of formation of plaques of
fatty material which narrow the walls of arteries and increase the risk of
heart attack or stroke
• hypertension – there is a close association between obesity and high
blood pressure
• Alzheimer’s disease (k Box 16
...