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Title: Epigenetics - How genes are regulated?
Description: Anatomy and physiology course
Description: Anatomy and physiology course
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How genes are regulated
Epigenetics: how genes are regulated
In the process of cellular replication the faithful reproduction of core DNA structure in daughter cells is
not the only element involved
...
These
elements that regulate the expression of genes, called epimarks, are also faithfully transmitted to the
daughter cell
...
Some programs responsible for
reading the information encoded in DNA are in epigenomic structures, or the epigenome
...
During differentiation, new structures appear and are retained and this is how tissues and organs are developed
from stem cells
...
g
...
Epigenetic control of gene expression is essential to maintain cell identity; if all genes were permitted
to produce indiscriminately, no cell group could maintain its identity
...
During differentiation, genes that are crucial for pluripotency are silenced by histone modifications
as well as by DNA methylation
...
By contrast, long-term silencing of transposons and imprinted genes needs to be
stably maintained from the gamete into the early embryo and the adult organism
...
Epigenetic changes are sex-specific: the heterochromatic X is reactivated in oogonia 2 months
before birth, presumably to reap the benefits of recombination before the imprinting of the X chromosome
occurs in the fertilized cell
Title: Epigenetics - How genes are regulated?
Description: Anatomy and physiology course
Description: Anatomy and physiology course