Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

1

Students Name
Professors Name
Course
Date
Basal Nuclei and Diseases of Basal nuclei
The human body is an incredible machine
...
Our bodies are keep working without pausing for a second
...
The
brain empowers us with cognition with which we utilize our physical and mental capacities
...
Nerve cells and
glands are examples of these cells (specialized cells)
...
It is a
bundle of subcortical nuclei, mainly responsible for motor functions, intellectual processes,
actions, and feelings
...

These nuclei are traversed by radiating projection fibers and commissural fibers and are part
of basal ganglia, a wider functional group
...
The caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
are two basal nuclei
...
The caudate nucleus' head is in front of the
lentiform nucleus
...
The caudate and lentiform nuclei are called corpus striatum (striated body)
...
Close to the putamen is the claustrum, a small layer of grey matter
...
Basal nuclei govern and integrate skeletal muscle unconsciously
...
These nuclei are
not responsible for initiating specific movements
...
This is certainly relevant for
trunk and proximal limb muscle motions
...
The globus
pallidus controls and modulates muscle tone when we set our body in preparation for a
voluntary movement, notably in the appendicular muscles
...
Other basal nuclei's roles remain unclear
...
A
person with a malfunction of the basal ganglia may have trouble starting, pausing, or
maintaining movement
...
These include ballism,
athetosis, dystonia, and natural movement in parkinsonism
...
Parkinson's
causes a decrease in dopaminergic tone in the putamen motor areas
...
The available
anatomical and physiological evidence suggests that parkinsonism causes loss in dopamine in
the basal ganglia, which causes aberrant neuronal discharge throughout the motor circuit
(Yanagisawa, 2018)
...
Dystonia is an interruption marked by involuntary twisting motions, particularly
during attempted movement, aberrant postures, muscular co-contraction, and overflow
occurrences
...
Specific motor circuit involvement causes hyperkinetic illnesses, including
ballismus and chorea
...

12 spinal nerves and functions of each nerve
The nervous system's essential job is to coordinate all of the body's operations
...
These peripheral nerves emerge from the spinal cord
in vertebrates
...
There are 12 cranial nerves, each with a different function or
structure
...

Cranial nerve I, the olfactory nerve
...
The olfactory nerve
feeds the brain with smells we come across
...
The olfactory bulb is an oval-shaped organ that
houses nerve cells
...
When the light enters
your eye, it falls on the rods and cones, which are particular receptors in your retina
...
They are more suited to blackand-white or night-vision applications
...
It originates from the forepart of the brain and finally
reaches the balls of an eye
...
These muscles aid in the movement and focus of the eyes
...


4

Cranial nerve IV, trochlear nerve
...
It originates from
the dorsum of the brain
...

Cranial nerve V, trigeminal nerve
...
The trigeminal nerve trifurcates into three sections
...
The maxillary division transmits sensory information from
the cheeks, upper lip, and nasal cavity in the center of your face
...
It controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle of
the eye
...
The abducent nerve is found in
the ventral aspect of the pons
...
It comes out from the pons of the brainstem
...
Its functions include
delivering glands in your head or neck areas such as salivary glands and tear-producing
glands
...
It helps in listening and balancing
...
It detects sound vibrations by
specialized cells in your ear based on the intensity and pitch of the sound
...

Cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve
...
It provides sensory input from your sinuses, back
of your throat, causing limb movements of the stylopharyngeus muscle in the back of your
throat
...
It has a wide range of sensory and motor functions
...
Helps in the
muscles of organs in the chest and torso and helps foods during vermiculation
...
It runs from the top to the bottom of your body
...
A motor nerve that regulates the muscles in the neck is
known as the accessory nerve
...
It bifurcates into two parts spinal and cranial
...
It is the twelfth cranial nerve that controls the majority
of the muscles of the tongue
...

The human brain is a complicated and fascinating organ in the human body
...
The hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain are the three core units of the brain,
each of which is responsible for its distinct functional role in the body
...


6

Work Cited
DeLong MR, Wichmann T
...
Arch
Neurol
...
doi:10
...
64
...
20
Martini, F
...
, Tallitsch, R
...
, & Nath, J
...
,Human Anatomy (9th Edition)
...

https://online
...
com/books/9780134424873
Yanagisawa, Nobuo
...
” Proceedings of the Japan Academy
...

94,7 (2018): 275-304
...
2183/pjab
...
019



---