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Von Thunen - A Model of Agricultural Land Use
The Von Thunen model of agricultural land use was
created by farmer and amateur economist J
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Von
Thunen (1783-1850) in 1826 (but it wasn't translated into
English until 1966)
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The Isolated State is surrounded by an
unoccupied wilderness
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The soil quality and climate are consistent throughout the
State
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Therefore, there are no roads
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In an Isolated State with the foregoing statements being true, Von Thunen hypothesized that a pattern of
rings around the city would develop
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Dairying and intensive farming occur in
the ring closest to the city
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Before
industrialization (and coal power), wood was a very important fuel for heating and cooking
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The third zone consists of extensive fields crops such as grains for bread
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Ranching is located in the final ring surrounding the central city
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Animals can walk to the central city for sale or for butchering
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Even though the Von Thunen model was created in a time before factories, highways, and even railroads,
it is still an important model in geography
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As one gets closer to a city, the price of land
increases
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Of course, in the real world, things don't happen as
they would in a model
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Some of
those factors are physical: soils, climate, and vegetation
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One way to look at
agricultural location decisions and practices is to look at the profit motive, and this is especially true in the
capitalist economic system
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This necessarily involves commercial
agriculture rather than any kind of subsistence system
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Note that the term “rent” has many meanings
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For your purposes of analyzing von Thunen’s
theory, you should think of Locational rent as meaning MONEY MADE
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A German who
lived in the late nineteenth through the middle of the twentieth centuries, he devised a theory based on
his observations of the German countryside
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Some grew one kind of a crop and others
grew something else
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Why? von Thunen hypothesized that land use variations exist because of differential
transportation costs
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There is a single market place with no connections; his theory was called the isolated
state
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Homogeneous physical environment (isotropic surface)
3
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Transportation equally possible in all directions
5
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Farmers are rational and opt for those types of agriculture that produce the greatest
locational rent
However, farmers don't usually grow their produce at the market site
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This distinction means transportation costs will have an effect on Locational
rent
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Production costs remain constant
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Transport costs increase
3
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Transportation costs and Locational rent are inversely
related - one goes up as the other goes down
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