Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
COMA – DEFINITION, DEGREES, SYMPTOMS, TYPES,
CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, REMEDIES
REALIZAT DE : DARESCU ELENA
DEFINITION
In medicine, a coma is a state of unconsciousness that lasts more than six hours
...
The comatose
individual, even though he may appear awake, does not feel, speak, hear, or move consciously and purposefully
...
After the latest studies, it was found that patients in a comatose state would be more sensitive and receive much
more from the surrounding environment, than was supposed until now
...
GRADES OF COMA
Coma of the first degree (vigilance) – complete loss of relational functions, obtaining a motor or verbal reaction
to nociceptive stimuli, without vegetative disturbances
...
Coma of the III degree (carrus) – abolition of relational functions, accompanied by vegetative disturbances
...
CAUSE :
-More than 50% of people who fall into a coma suffer from a cranio-cerebral trauma beforehand or have various conditions that disrupt blood circulation in the
brain
...
Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) – caused by lack of oxygen to the brain, electrolyte or hormonal imbalances
...
Stroke
...
Deprivation of oxygen to the brain (cerebral hypoxia) – caused by numerous conditions and medical situations, such as: cardiac or
respiratory arrest, brain injury, asphyxiation, drowning, lung infections, strangulation, stroke, hypotension, etc
...
Frequent seizures of epilepsy
...
SIMPTOMS
According to the National Institutes of Neurological
~ Signs and symptoms of coma are:
Loss of consciousness and voluntary motility
...
Irregular heartbeat
...
Moreover, new studies show that some gestures of
close people - holding the patient's hand, talking to
him - or a certain song or a favorite perfume could
constitute sensory stimuli for those in a coma
...
TYPES OF COMA
•
Thereareseveral typesof coma, dependingontheunderlying
cause:
Metabolic toxic coma – manifested by confusion and/or
Pseudocoma ("locked-in" syndrome) - is characterized by
tetraplegia, facial diplegia and anarthria, but the patient is
conscious and the eye muscles are functional - he can only
communicate by blinking or eyelid movements
...
Brain death – consists in the irreversible cessation of all vital
activities of the brain, but the functioning of the other organs
can be ensured by artificial means
...
Induced coma – involves the induction of temporary
unconsciousness by means of specific drugs to reduce brain
function in order to protect it
...
Through controlled coma, brain function is reduced to a
minimum and, implicitly, all other functions of the body
(metabolism, oxygen consumption, etc
...
delirium, and causes include various infections or failure of certain
organs
Anoxic coma caused by brain trauma –is caused by
depriving the brain of oxygen and is caused by a heart attack, head
trauma, drowning, asphyxiation, drug overdose, poisoning
...
At this stage, only the lower brain structures
function, which ensure the functioning of the organs (respiration,
digestion, circulation, excretion, etc
...
DIAGNOSTIC
In order to detect the cause of the coma, the doctor will evaluate the patient's medical and family history, perform blood tests,
imaging analyzes and neurological examinations
...
These must tell the doctor what symptoms the patient had before entering
the coma, what other medical problems he had, whether he used to consume alcohol or drugs, what treatments he was
undergoing
...
If an infection or a disease of the central nervous system is suspected, the doctor may recommend a lumbar puncture
...
COMA: TREATMENT
AND PROGNOSIS
The treatment depends on the
underlying cause of the coma
...
are found, the
treatment will consist of applying
the necessary measures in such
situations (gastric washings,
restoring the blood glucose level,
dialysis, administration of
antibiotics etc
...
Also, surgical interventionisnecessary if
thecauseof thecomaisrepresentedby abraintumor or asubdural
hematomathat causeshemorrhageor intracranial hypertension
...
Theprognosisisvariable, dependingoneachmedical situation
...