Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

University Of The Punjab, Lahore
Institute of zoology
“WHO air pollutant standards”
(Assignment)
Submitted To:
Dr
...
Burden of diseases and
illness can be reduced by reducing air pollution
...
The WHO Air quality guidelines: Global update 2005
provide an assessment of health effects of air pollution and harmful pollution
levels
...
4
...
WHO estimated in 2016, 58% of outdoor air pollution related premature
deaths were due to ischemic heart disease and stroke, 18% deaths were due to
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory infection and 6% of deaths
were due to lung cancer
...
8 million premature deaths were attributed to indoor air
pollution in 2016
...


Annually, WHO estimates that millions of deaths are caused by the effects of air
pollution, mainly from noncommunicable diseases
...
However, despite some improvements in air quality over the past three
Page 2 of 10

decades, millions of people continue to die prematurely, often affecting the most
vulnerable and marginalized populations,”

 Air pollutants:
Air pollution is caused by various air pollutants
...
5, PM
10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide are the major pollutants whose
guidelines values are set by WHO
...


Page 3 of 10

 WHO Air pollutant standards
• Particulate matter(PM2
...


It

affects
Page 4 of 10

more people than any other pollutant
...
The WHO guideline value for PM2
...


• Health effects:
The health risks associated with particulate matter equal or smaller than 10 and 2
...
₅, respectively) are of particular public
health relevance
...
₅ and PM₁₀ are capable of penetrating deep into the
lungs but PM₂
...

If concentration of PM2
...
When exposure
to the pollutant increases then it causes various diseases including acute lower
respiratory infections, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases and lung
cancer
...
Ozone is a
major component of
photochemical smog
...

The guideline value of ozone is 100 μg/m3 8-hour mean
that is reduced from previous level of 120 μg/m3 based on recent conclusive
association between daily mortality and lower ozone concentration
...

 Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)
The major sources of anthropogenic emissions of NO2 are combustion processes
(heating, power generation,
and engines in vehicles and
ships)
...
WHO
guideline value of 40μg/m³
(annual mean) set to
protect the public from
health effects of gaseous
NO2
...
It
reduce lung function growth is associated with long-term exposure to NO2
...
It is produced from the burning of fossil
fuels (coal and oil) and the smelting of mineral ores that contain sulfur
...

• Health effects:

Page 6 of 10

It will cause various health impacts if its concentration increases from its WHO
guideline value
...
Inflammation of the respiratory tract causes coughing, mucus
secretion, aggravation of asthma and chronic bronchitis and makes people more
prone to infections of the respiratory tract
...

 New WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines
New WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) provide clear evidence of the
damage air pollution inflicts on human health, at even lower concentrations than
previously understood
...

Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental threats to human health,
alongside climate change
...
When action is
taken on these so-called classical pollutants – particulate matter (PM), ozone (O₃),
Page 7 of 10

nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO), it also has
an impact on other damaging pollutants
...
Causes of air pollution have left everyone worried about their
health
...

Three million people are reportedly dying every year as a result of tiny particulates
in the air – solid and liquid matter that is suspended in the air we breathe, and
arrives there from a wide range of human-made sources, from car fumes and power
plants
...

Level of air pollutants can be reduced from exceeding its WHO guideline value if
following steps are taken seriously:
• Renewable fuel and clean energy production
The most basic solution for air pollution is to move away from fossil fuels, replacing
them with alternative energies like solar, wind and geothermal
...
But equally important is to reduce our consumption
of energy by adopting responsible habits and using more efficient devices
...
e
carpooling, and public transports) could reduce air pollution
...

• It can be reduced by making greener and more compact cities with energy
efficient buildings
• It can be reduced improving domestic, industry and municipal waste
management

• It can be reduced by reducing agricultural waste incineration
• It can be reduced by reducing forest fires

Page 10 of 10



---