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Mitochondrial inheritance- largely maternally inherited
Chloroplasts- Largely maternally inherited- conifers are paternally inherited
Bi parental inheritance also possible in some exceptions
37 genes present on the mitochondrial genome
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Mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA were the first DNA that were used in
molecular research
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For every cell that has a number of chloroplasts and
mitochondria in it, each cell has a copy of the DNA and therefore has multiple
copies of DNA and therefore was an easy target for molecular biology
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- older techniques
Mitochondria has been used to track migration of genes because of differences
of genetic DNA in different individuals
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Sequence the AUX 1 gene to find out what the gene is in a particular
organism when the morphology is not known and you cannot determine the
difference in each organism
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Independent assortment- mendel’s second law
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Independent assortment usually occurs due to the presence of genes in
different chromosomes which allows for crossing over of genes to occur
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Deficiency of recombinant is due to the genes being too close to each other
on different chromosomes
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Mendel’s law applies to genes that are on different chromosomes but not on
the same chromosomes
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When genes are on the same chromosome, how do recombinants occur?
people recognized earlier on that chromosomes exhibited chiasmata
(chiasma-singular)
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6
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[2 chromosomes where
each one has 2 sister chromatids] Chiasmata- regions where
chromosomes have crossed over each other [x’s]
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7
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8
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The number can differ based on different cells
as well
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It’s a species and chromosome specific trait
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Need to have genes that are segregating- markers on the chromosome in
order to detect independent assortment and 2 homologues of
chromosomes
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Know what to expect when you see the
chromosomes
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10
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11
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In neurospora can see that replication already
occurred before recombination

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