Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: In depth summary of the Human Body's Female and Male Reproductive System (images included)
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Reproductive System. Both female and male reproductive systems. It covers major functions, locations, and structures of different organs, the influence of various hormones, menopause, pregnancy, and multiple-colored structures and diagrams with labeling. Very easy to read and understand!
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Reproductive System. Both female and male reproductive systems. It covers major functions, locations, and structures of different organs, the influence of various hormones, menopause, pregnancy, and multiple-colored structures and diagrams with labeling. Very easy to read and understand!
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
1
UNIT 4: CHAPTER 28
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
List the functions of the Reproductive System:
Reproduction is an essential characteristic of living organisms
...
Gametogenesis: is the production of gametes, which are reproductive cells that are
produced in the gonads
...
The female gonads are the ovaries, which are the site of oocyte (egg) production
...
Fertilization: The reproductive system allows for fertilization of the oocyte by the
sperm
...
The female reproductive system receives the sperm cells from the male and provides
a passageway for them to the fertilization site
...
Development and nourishment of a new individual: The female reproductive system
nurtures the developing fetus in the uterus until birth and provides nourishment
(breast milk) after birth
...
Production of reproductive hormones: Hormones produced by the reproductive
system control its development and the development of the sex-specific body form
...
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
2
Describe the location, structure and function of: External Reproductive Organs
Location
Structure
Function
Penis
It is located above The penis is divided It acts as a vessel for
the scrotum
into 3 parts: the urination
root, body and glans
...
body in the scrotum
...
Posterior to the It is divided into 2
penis
...
External Urethra
Is about 20cm long The
urethra
is Carries urine from
and extends from divided into 3 parts: the urinary bladder
the urinary bladder the
prostatic, to the outside
...
spongy urethra
...
passes through the
prostate gland
...
List the hormones that influence the male reproductive system
...
o Testosterone: is a major male hormone secreted by the testes
...
o Testosterone affects the appearance of the skin
...
Pg 1054
o It also increases the quantity of melanin in skin, making it darker
...
Near puberty, the increased testosterone level and increased sebaceous secretion
frequently cause acne
...
o Testosterone stimulates growth of thicker, coarser, pigmented hair in the pubic area,
as well as the legs, chest, axillary region, face and back
...
Female reproduction is under hormonal and nervous control
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
7
...
The cycle is normally 28 days long but can vary between 18 to 40 days
...
The ovarian cycle refers to regular events that occur in the ovaries of a sexually
mature, nonpregnant women during the menstrual cycle
...
Refer to figure 28
...
Functions
Regulation
Estrogen
*There are 3 types of estrogen: estrone, * The ovaries make most of the
estradiol and estriol
...
characteristics such as breasts, wider * Levels of estrogen fall during
hips, pubic and armpit hair
...
The around menopause when
level is highest during the middle of the symptoms start to appear
...
include:
Osteoporosis
*signs of low estrogen; less frequent (Estrogen helps maintain
periods or they can stop, hot flashes, strong bones by preventing
mood swings and dry skin
calcium loss) and Heart disease
* Signs of high estrogen: weight gain (Estrogen protects against
(mainly around the waist, hips and heart disease by raising HDL
thighs), menstrual problems, fibroids, cholesterol levels in the blood
...
*Involved in thickening of the
endometrium
...
Progesterone
* prepares the endometrium for the *on (this refers to a 28-day
potential of pregnancy after ovulation
...
It plays a role in maintaining pregnancy
(see next column)
...
* If levels are too low, it can result in
irregular and heavy menstrual bleeding
...
cycle, luteinizing hormone
stimulates the release of an
egg from the ovary and the
formation of the corpus
luteum
...
* If the egg is NOT fertilized,
the corpus luteum breaks
down and the production of
progesterone decreases
...
*If the egg IS fertilized and an
embryo is formed, the corpus
luteum does not break down
and instead keep producing
progesterone
until
the
placenta is established
...
Pg 1073
1
...
Eventually, the menstrual cycle stops completely
...
The cessation of the menstrual cycle is called Menopause
...
The time frame from the onset of irregular periods to the complete cessation is 3-5
years and is called Perimenopause or the female climacteric
...
Menopause is associated with changes in the ovaries
...
The follicles that remain are
also less sensitive to stimulation by hormones
...
Older females experience gradual changes due to reduced amounts of estrogen and
progesterone
...
6
...
Define pregnancy
...
21)
...
o One sperm enters the secondary oocyte and fertilization occurs
...
o For several days following fertilization, a series of cell divisions occur while the
developing moves from the uterine tube to the uterus
...
Once the placenta is formed it also begins secreting both hormones and
by the third month of pregnancy, the corpus luteum is no longer needed to maintain
pregnancy
...
Pg 1080
Age related changes in females
...
o The uterus decreases in size and the endometrium decreases in thickness
...
o As the uterus decreases in size, it tips posteriorly, and assumes a lower position in the
pelvic cavity
...
This is where the ligaments of
the uterus allow it to descend and protrude into the vagina
...
There is also less lubrication of the
vagina resulting in increased tendency for infection
...
Today, approximately 10% of females
will develop breast cancer
...
o The incidence of uterine and cervical cancer also increases between 50 and 65
...
Regular check-ups and pap-smears are
important for screening and early detection
Title: In depth summary of the Human Body's Female and Male Reproductive System (images included)
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Reproductive System. Both female and male reproductive systems. It covers major functions, locations, and structures of different organs, the influence of various hormones, menopause, pregnancy, and multiple-colored structures and diagrams with labeling. Very easy to read and understand!
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Reproductive System. Both female and male reproductive systems. It covers major functions, locations, and structures of different organs, the influence of various hormones, menopause, pregnancy, and multiple-colored structures and diagrams with labeling. Very easy to read and understand!