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Title: In depth summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Urinary System (images included)
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Urinary System. It covers the different urinary organs, main functions, locations, and external functions of organs, regions, blood supply explanations, compositions, signs and symptoms, and labeled diagrams and structures of organs in color. Very easy to read and understand!
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Urinary System. It covers the different urinary organs, main functions, locations, and external functions of organs, regions, blood supply explanations, compositions, signs and symptoms, and labeled diagrams and structures of organs in color. Very easy to read and understand!
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UNIT 7: CHAPTER 26
URINARY SYSTEM
Name the organs of the urinary system
...
It consists of;
o 2 kidneys, which are the primary excretory organs
...
o The bladder is emptied of the waste liquid by the urethra (1 urethra)
...
Each kidney filters large volumes of blood- wastes from the blood are collected- and form
urine
...
The kidneys are important for many other important metabolic activities, which include;
1
...
Nearly 21% of blood
pumped out of the heart is filtered by the kidneys each minute
...
As fluid
moves through the kidneys, it is slowly modified until it is converted to urine
...
Regulation of blood volume and pressure: The kidneys play a major role in controlling
the extracellular fluid volume of the body
...
Through urine production, the kidneys regulate blood volume
and blood pressure
...
Regulation of blood solute concentrations: The kidneys help regulate the
concentration of major ions such as Sodium (Na), Potassium (K) and Calcium (Ca)
...
Regulation of extracellular fluid pH: The kidneys secrete variable amounts of
Hydrogen (H)to help regulate the extracellular pH
...
Regulation of red blood cell synthesis: The kidneys secrete a protein called
erythropoietin, which stimulates the syntheses of red blood cells in the bone
marrow
...
Regulation of Vitamin D synthesis: the kidneys play an important role in controlling
blood levels of calcium by regulating the synthesis of Vitamin D
...
o The kidneys are bean shaped organs which are retroperitoneal
...
o Each kidney is approximately the size of a clenched fist
...
o The liver lies superior to the right kidney causing the right kidney to sit lower than
the left
...
o Each kidney is surrounded by an outer layer of connective tissue called the renal
capsule
...
o A thin layer of connective tissue called renal fascia surrounds the adipose tissue and
helps anchor the kidneys to the abdominal wall
...
o Cortex
o Medulla
o Pyramids
o Papilla
o Pelvis
o Calyx
o Nephron: this is the functional unit of the kidney
...
3
million nephrons in the cortex and medulla of each kidney
...
o Each nephron is made up of 4 regions: (1) a renal corpuscle, (2) a proximal
convoluted tubule, (3) a loop of Henle and (4) a distal convoluted tubule
...
Pg 972
A system of blood vessels allows the exchange of materials that occurs in the kidney
...
o The renal artery delivers approximately 21% of cardiac output per minute
...
o The interlobar arteries pass between the renal pyramids
...
o Interlobular arteries branch off the arcuate arteries and project into the cortex
...
The afferent
arterioles lead to glomerular capillaries
...
o Glomerular capillaries give rise to efferent arterioles
...
o Vasa recta are specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep
into the medulla of the kidneys
...
o Refer to Fig 26
...
Relate the composition of urine
...
Water
2
...
Creatinine
4
...
Pigments from blood (which give color to it)
6
...
7
...
8
...
Explain the flow of urine
The movement of urine is as follows: kidneys (filter blood)- the filtered fluid passes to the
Ureter of each kidney- to the urinary bladder which temporarily stores urine- and is then
passed out of the body through the Urethra
...
- the
fluid in the distal convoluted tubule then empties into- the collecting duct- which
carries newly formed urine from the cortex of the kidney- towards the renal papilla
deep in the medulla
...
Identify the signs and symptoms of renal failure
...
o This condition can be acute (which develops over a few hours or days) or chronic
(which develops over a period of time and leads to kidney failure)
o Symptoms include one or more of the following:
1
...
Muscle cramps
3
...
Not feeling hungry
5
...
Too much urine or not enough
7
...
Decreased urine volume
2
...
Abdominal pain
4
...
Fever
6
Title: In depth summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Urinary System (images included)
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Urinary System. It covers the different urinary organs, main functions, locations, and external functions of organs, regions, blood supply explanations, compositions, signs and symptoms, and labeled diagrams and structures of organs in color. Very easy to read and understand!
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Urinary System. It covers the different urinary organs, main functions, locations, and external functions of organs, regions, blood supply explanations, compositions, signs and symptoms, and labeled diagrams and structures of organs in color. Very easy to read and understand!