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Title: In depth summary of the Human Body's Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance
Description: This is a summary of the Human Body's Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance. It covers compartments and subdivisions of fluid in the body, causes, explanations, different mechanisms, differentiate between hypotension and hypertension, acids and bases, signs and symptoms. Very easy to read and understand!
Description: This is a summary of the Human Body's Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance. It covers compartments and subdivisions of fluid in the body, causes, explanations, different mechanisms, differentiate between hypotension and hypertension, acids and bases, signs and symptoms. Very easy to read and understand!
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1
UNIT 7: CHAPTER 27
WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE
Identify the major fluid compartments of the body and their subdivisions
...
The percentage of water varies with development stage, gender, and body composition, for
example, men have, on average, a lower percentage of adipose tissue than women and a
greater percentage of a man’s body weight is due t water than it is for women
...
o The total amount of water in the body is separated into 2 major categories called
fluid compartments: (1) the intracellular fluid compartment and (2) the extracellular
fluid compartment
...
This fluid is part of the cytoplasm of the cell
...
This equals
approximately 40% of the body’s total weight
...
o This fluid consists of fluid outside the cells of the body
...
interstitial fluid between cells,
2
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lymph within lymphatic vessels,
4
...
synovial fluid within synovial joints
...
o Plasma is the liquid portion of blood inside all blood vessels of the body
...
Discuss the causes of edema
...
o Let us look at an inflammatory response to an infection- this cause the permeability
of the capillary wall to increase- which allows proteins to exit the plasma and enter
the interstitial fluid- water will then move by osmosis- out of the plasma- and into
the interstitial fluid- which results in swelling or edema
...
Our body regulates its water content so that the total volume remains constant
...
o Changes in the total water volume alter several factors in the body, such as; (1) the
solute concentration of body fluids, (2) blood pressure and (3) interstitial fluid
pressure
...
The remaining 10% is produced during cellular respiration
...
o Water is absorbed across the wall of the digestive tract by osmosis
...
So, the more
water a person drinks, the faster it is absorbed
...
o Thirst is the sensation that brings on the need to drink liquids
...
Explain the mechanisms that regulate extracellular fluid volumes
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o Blood volume is directly proportional to blood pressure, when blood volume
increases, blood pressure goes up as well, the opposite is true as well
...
The carotid sinus and aortic arch contain baroreceptors (or pressure
receptors), which monitor blood pressure in the carotid arteries and aorta
...
Receptors in the kidneys (within the juxtaglomerular apparatus), monitor
pressure changes within the afferent arterioles of the kidneys
...
And receptors in the heart and large veins monitor slight blood pressure
changes there
...
Discuss how sodium ion concentration is achieved
...
**Osmotic pressure is the force that causes the net movement of
water molecules toward an area with a higher solute concentration
...
o Approximately 90-95% of the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid is caused by
sodium and the negative ions associated with it
...
We need 0
...
o With this high level of sodium consumption, regulation of our body’s sodium content
depends mostly on excretion of excess quantities of Na+
...
o Sodium is also excreted through our sweat
...
o Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions increases Na+ and water excretion
and if blood pressure is low, the total sodium content of the body is low
...
Pg 1026
o Acids release H+ into a solution
...
3
o Acids and bases are classified as weak or strong
...
o A strong base also completely dissociates into its separate ions: for example; NaOH
dissociates into Na+ and OH-
...
o Like a strong acid, a weak acid releases H+ into a solution, however, it does not
completely dissociate into its separate ions
...
o Weak acids are common in living systems, and they play important roles in
preventing large changes in body fluid pH
...
o Hypotension means low blood pressure and on the opposite end is Hypertension,
which means a high blood pressure
...
o Ongoing hypertension can cause damage to small blood vessels throughout the body
as well as to organs such as the kidneys, brain and heart
...
o Hypotension or low blood pressure, means that blood could not be reaching all areas
as it should
...
o The causes of hypotension are not understood but could be due to age, pregnancy,
hormonal problems, due to medication among other things
...
List the signs and symptoms of hypotension
...
o Can be symptomless
o A blood pressure reading above 130/80 or higher
o Signs too look out for include; severe headache, fatigue, confusion, problems with
vision, chest pain, difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, pounding in your chest,
ears or neck
Title: In depth summary of the Human Body's Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance
Description: This is a summary of the Human Body's Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance. It covers compartments and subdivisions of fluid in the body, causes, explanations, different mechanisms, differentiate between hypotension and hypertension, acids and bases, signs and symptoms. Very easy to read and understand!
Description: This is a summary of the Human Body's Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance. It covers compartments and subdivisions of fluid in the body, causes, explanations, different mechanisms, differentiate between hypotension and hypertension, acids and bases, signs and symptoms. Very easy to read and understand!