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Title: Neuroscience- Introduction Lecture 1
Description: My notes from my module 'Neuroscience' made in my second year at the University of York. They include PowerPoint slide screens and the relevant notes underneath them, and boxes including relevant questions underneath.
Description: My notes from my module 'Neuroscience' made in my second year at the University of York. They include PowerPoint slide screens and the relevant notes underneath them, and boxes including relevant questions underneath.
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Cerebellum little brain involved in movement
...
The
cerebral cortex has the higher functions, learning, memory, consciousness
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Main point there are different regions doing different things
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Neuron 1011 in one brain estimately 88 billion neurones
Glia 2/3 times more neurons
Axon each neurone has one axon
Synapses have an average of 10000
This results in 1015 synapses in a human brain! When youre forming a memory 2-300
proteins around
...
More lipid as full of myelin which ensheaths the major axons
Grey mater numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons,
Santiago Ramon y Cajal Diagram shows: golgi stain, only labels few neurones so you can
see synapses
Questions
Whats the difference in brain components lower down and higher up? Whats the
difference in grey/white matter? What does the diagram show?
Cell theory came along at 19 century
...
Golgi and cajal had fight, were awarded nobel prize together
...
Electron microscopy was then used to actually
show this in detail
...
1/3 genome is devoted to neuronal specific genes
...
Highly polarised Have epithelial cell blueprint, have apical domain involved in secreting
and besolateral domain receiving input
...
Excitability ability to modulate membrane potential
...
The spines are little bumps all along
...
These are peculiar to synapses that release glutamate
...
The alternative for non-spiny (smooth)
neurones is many others including GABA which is inhibitory towards the activity of a cell
There's fewer of these but they tend to regulate the activity of circuits
...
Astrocytes make up blood brain barrier by surrounding blood
vessels
...
Oligodendrocyte make up
myelin sheath
...
Questions
What do glia do? Microglia?
Neuronal Polarity even though have very small cell bodies eg 5 microns across
...
Cytoskeleton implication millions of specific proteins such as microtubules/actin, there are
loads of neuronal isoforms
...
Intemediate filaments neurofilaments like bones of axon
...
Can have different cytoskeletal elements in the axon and dendrites
...
Questions
What are the cytoskeleton implications? What are intermediate filaments? Do
the cytoskeletal elements in axons/dendrites differ?
How does the neurone transport?
Has to be active- Weiss and Hiscoe
...
They watched what happened and found that it started to bunch up, and when
they severed it fluid leaked out both ends
...
Different experiment take axons and chop it up looking for markers, enzymes etc
...
Anterograde means forward
...
Questions
How does the neurone transport substances? Who did an experiment to prove
this? What experiment? Another experiment?
Don’t have to learn, just be aware of fast/slow transport, different rates due to different
proteins
...
Why miro bind
calcium?
Questions
What’s does miro do? What’s the experiment at bottom using fluorescence?
It binds Ca and falls off the kinesin
...
Where its active it
binds, mitochondria falls off transport into synapse
...
After stimulation the mitochondria move towards the synapses to provide ATP for the active
mitrochondria
...
Whats happening molecularly to allow this?
Title: Neuroscience- Introduction Lecture 1
Description: My notes from my module 'Neuroscience' made in my second year at the University of York. They include PowerPoint slide screens and the relevant notes underneath them, and boxes including relevant questions underneath.
Description: My notes from my module 'Neuroscience' made in my second year at the University of York. They include PowerPoint slide screens and the relevant notes underneath them, and boxes including relevant questions underneath.