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Title: Neuroscience - Post-synaptic Events - Lecture 4
Description: My notes from my module 'Neuroscience' made in my second year at the University of York. They include PowerPoint slide screens and the relevant notes underneath them, and boxes including relevant questions underneath.
Description: My notes from my module 'Neuroscience' made in my second year at the University of York. They include PowerPoint slide screens and the relevant notes underneath them, and boxes including relevant questions underneath.
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Neuroscience Lecture 4
How does the interaction of neurotransmitters with specific postsynaptic receptors lead to
changes in the postsynaptic membrane potential?
Experiment stick electrode in post cell, cell body of a neurone or a muscle, recording
membrane potential
...
This
is called an EPSP- Excitatory post synaptic potential
...
There is the opposite IPSP inhibitory post synaptic potential- when you hyperpolarise
the membrane
...
And Inhibitory stopping AP
...
What do these receptors look like? How are they regulated?
Ligand gated ion channels-specialised ion channels where the neurotransmitter binds to a
receptor which is also an ion channel
...
When it binds, there's a conformational change (similar to
S4 helix that twists)
...
These are also called ionotrophic receptors which are FAST
...
Membrane receptor on surface, when
neurotransmitter binds it causes a conformational change which doesn’t just open the
channel directly, but activates a protein complex that’s coupled to the receptor on the
intracellular side of membrane (G protein)
...
Classic one in neurones g protein
indirectly stimulates opening of other ion channels regulating the membrane potential
...
Questions
What experiment was done above? What’s EPSP/IPSP? When do you see them? What two
types of neurotransmitter receptor are there? How do they work? What is a main difference
between them?
Example: Acetylcholine has a more modulatory role, not a direct neurotransmitter
...
Nigel Unwin
Can’t crystallize lipids in a membrane
...
They're arranged in an
array all linked up
...
Can see subunits, (there's 5, 4 membrane spanning domains)
...
Glutamate can open two types of ionotrophic channelThese are named after drugs that
inhibit the response of individual channel ie AMPA (agonist, activating the channel) and
NMDA (activates another channel)
...
AMPA gates K/NA, a fast sodium conductance
NMDA can gate K or Na but prefers Ca
...
Can gate calcium very quickly leading to downstream
signalling effects
...
If just one applied, they behave differently (see slide)
...
This is where synapses are (blue bits) contain post
synapse
...
This is all protein, 200 types
...
The post sites are a neuronal sheet changes when calcium
binds
...
One rat kept in two types of cage, ie unenriched- dull
cage, nothing to do
...
See rats which have been exposed have more
spines as have been exposed to more, more memories etc
...
In the early
stages the number of synapses decrease
...
Questions
Whats the blue bit in the picture? What experiment was done with an antibody? What do
bottom 4 pictures show?
GABA-A channel GABA-BGPCR
The receptors aren’t found in synapse, but in cell body of neurone
...
Lots of synapses have to depolarised at same time, depolarisation spreads to cell body, then
around membrane of the axon gets more positive, then you get a AP that goes down the
axon to the synapses
...
Without
inhibitory input, cell firing with glutamate
...
GABA A gates chloride ions inhibiting the membrane potential
...
One can signal ca release
...
Overall effect of signalling is to increase protein
phosphorylation
...
so
different substrates
...
Overview of different types of signalling
CaMK2 is a kinase that can bind to calmodulin
...
CB1 receptor- cannabinoids receptor
...
Example: How receptor signalling can affect neurones/synapses
...
So when AP invades pre, you have less neurotransmitter released
...
Will be a fine tuned process, if too much activity will relase
calcium telling pre to calm by releasing cannabinoid
...
Give WIN which is very
strong, can see its similar to anandimide which is the endogenous sunstance
...
Shows if you block GPCRs
...
So
you block the effects of cannabinoid
...
Title: Neuroscience - Post-synaptic Events - Lecture 4
Description: My notes from my module 'Neuroscience' made in my second year at the University of York. They include PowerPoint slide screens and the relevant notes underneath them, and boxes including relevant questions underneath.
Description: My notes from my module 'Neuroscience' made in my second year at the University of York. They include PowerPoint slide screens and the relevant notes underneath them, and boxes including relevant questions underneath.