Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

CROP PRODUCTION
&
MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION
Untill 10,000 BC, people were wandering around to find out food for their livelihood
...
So they started cultivation
and production on land
...


* When plants of the same kind arecultivated at one place on a large scale,it is called
a crop
...

* Crops are cultivated under the basis of climatic conditions
...

* Kharif Crops : The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crops
...

Eg:- rice, maize, millet, ragi, pulses, soybean, groundnut
...
Generally from October to
March
...


STEPS IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
* Preparation of soil
* Sowing
* Adding manure and fertilisers
* Irrigation
* Protecting from weeds
* Harvesting
* Storage

PREPARATION OF SOIL
* First thing is to loosen the soil - this helps the roots to penetrate deep into the soil
...

* The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing
...

- This is being used since ancient times
for tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to
the crop, removing the weeds and
turning the soil
...

- The main part of the plough is a long
log of wood which is called a
ploughshaft
...

- It has a long rod of wood or iron
...

* Cultivator - tractor-driven cultivator
...


* Before sowing, good quality, clean and healthy seeds of a good variety—are
selected
...
These ends pierce into the soil
and place seeds there
...

- This sows the seedsuniformly at equal distance and depth
...


ADDING MANURE AND FERTILISERS
* For the healthy growth of plants manure and fertilisers are required
...
Therefore, farmers
have to add manure to the fields to replenish the soil with nutrients
...

* Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or
animal wastes
...

urea,
Eg :- ammonium sulphate, super phosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium)
...

* Therefore, in order to maintain the fertility of the soil, we have to substitute
fertilisers with organic manure or leave the field uncultivated (fallow) in between
two crops
...


* Crop rotation can be done by growing different crops alternately
...
No
...


Fertiliser is a man-made
inorganic salt
...


2
...


Manure can be prepared in the fields
...


Fertiliser does not provide
any humus to the soil
...


4
...


* Advantages of Manure - it enhances the water holding capacity of the soil
...

- it increases the number of friendly microbes
...


IRRIGATION
* Water is important for proper growth and development
...

* The sources of water for irrigation are— wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams
and canals
...


* Modern methods of irrigation are Sprinkler System and Drip system
...

- The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are
joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals
...

- useful for lawns, coffee plantation and several other crops
Sprinkler System

Drip system

* Drip system - In this system, the water falls drop by drop directly near the roots
...


PROTECTION FROM WEEDS
* Many undesirable plants may grow with crops, these plants are called weeds
...

* Weeding is necessary since weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients,
space and light
...

* Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicides
...


HARVESTING
* The cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting
...

* Harvesting is either done manually by sickle or by a machine called harvester
...

* Farmers with small holdings of land do the separation of grain and chaff by
winnowing
...

* Before storing them, the grains are properly dried
...

* Large scale storage of grains is done in silos and granaries to protect them from
pests like rats and insects



---