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AU Special Education
EDUCATION
Study Guide

1
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Special education refers to providing tailored educational services and support to students identified as
having a disability
...
Special education can
include a wide range of services, such as one-on-one instruction, small group instruction, adapted
curriculum and materials, assistive technology, and related services, such as occupational therapy,
speech therapy, and psychological counseling
...


2
...

Learning disabilities are the most common disability that results in students receiving special education
services
...
These disorders can manifest differently and affect a person's ability to read,
write, spell, or perform mathematical calculations
...
They may also need help with attention, memory, organization, and
executive function tasks
...


Special education services for students with learning disabilities are designed to help them overcome
these difficulties and to enable them to make progress in their education
...
These services can be provided in a variety of settings, including
regular education classrooms, special education classrooms, or resource rooms
...


3
...
A 504 plan is a legal
document that outlines accommodations for a student with a disability to provide their access to
education but does not include specific goals like an IEP
...
The IEP is created by a
team of professionals that includes the student's parents or guardians, teachers, exceptional education
professionals, and other relevant service providers
...


The IEP ensures that students have the same learning and growth opportunities as their non-disabled
peers
...
The IEP also provides information
on the specific accommodations and services that the student will receive, such as specialized
instruction, assistive technology, or related services
...


A 504 plan, on the other hand, is a legal document developed for students who have been identified as
having a disability but do not necessarily require special education services
...

Unlike an IEP, a 504 plan does not have specific goals for the student to work towards
...
These accommodations are designed to ensure that students have equal access to education
and are not discriminated against based on their disability
...


In summary, IEPs and 504 plans are similar in that they outline accommodations for students with
disabilities to ensure their access to education
...


4
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This process includes evaluations by a multidisciplinary team and
input from the child's parents or guardians
...
This process typically includes evaluations by a
multidisciplinary team, including professionals such as a special education teacher, a school
psychologist, a speech-language pathologist, an occupational therapist, and other relevant service
providers
...
The evaluations
are used to identify the child's strengths and needs and to determine if the child has a disability that
affects their ability to access the general curriculum
...
They are
typically invited to participate in meetings to discuss the evaluation results
...
This information can help
the multidisciplinary team understand the child's needs and how they may impact their learning
...
To be eligible, the child must have a disability that affects their ability to
access the general curriculum
...


If the child is determined to be eligible for special education services, an Individualized Education Plan
(IEP) will be developed for them
...
The IEP is
reviewed and updated regularly to ensure that the child's needs are being met and that they are making
progress toward their goals
...


5
...
This includes
creating and implementing IEPs, working with other school staff members, and providing direct
instruction and support for students with disabilities
...

Special education teachers are responsible for providing these students with the necessary
accommodations, modifications, and support to access their education
...


Special education teachers work closely with other school staff members, such as regular education
teachers, school psychologists, speech-language pathologists, and other relevant service providers
...


Special education teachers also provide direct instruction and support for students with disabilities
...
They may use specialized teaching methods, materials, and assistive
technology to help the student access the curriculum
...
They may help the students develop social and self-advocacy skills and provide emotional
support to students who may face challenges related to their disabilities
...


Special education teachers are also a part of the multidisciplinary team that assesses the student's
needs
...


In summary, the role of a special education teacher is multifaceted; it includes providing direct
instruction and support, creating and implementing IEPs, working with other members of the school
staff, providing guidance and counseling, collaborating with other exceptional education professionals

and the student's family, and being a part of the multidisciplinary team that assesses the student's
needs
...
Inclusive education is an educational philosophy that believes all students should be included in the
same classroom, regardless of their abilities or disabilities
...

Inclusive education is an educational philosophy that believes all students should be included in the
same classroom, regardless of their abilities or disabilities
...
This means that students with disabilities are educated alongside their non-disabled peers
rather than separated into special education classrooms or resource rooms
...
It recognizes that students
with disabilities have unique needs and that students without disabilities also have special needs and
that all students can learn from one another
...
The teacher in an inclusive classroom adapts their teaching methods
and materials to meet the needs of all students, and accommodations and modifications are made to
ensure that all students can access the curriculum
...


Inclusive education also requires collaboration and cooperation among all stakeholders, including
teachers, parents, and other school staff and students
...


Inclusive education is supported by research, which shows that students with disabilities who are
included in general education classrooms tend to have better academic outcomes, social skills, and selfesteem than those who are placed in segregated settings
...


In summary, inclusive education is an educational approach that believes in integrating students with
disabilities into the general education curriculum, where they are educated alongside their non-disabled
peers in an inclusive and supportive environment that values and respects diversity and promotes
collaboration among all stakeholders
...
A moderate disability is an impairment that impacts a student's ability to access their education but
does not prevent them from making progress
...

A moderate disability is an impairment that affects a student's ability to access their education but does
not prevent them from making progress
...
Some moderate disabilities include specific learning disabilities such as dyslexia,
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or mild autism
...
These
students may require extensive support and specialized instruction, and they may not be able to achieve
their goals using the same methods or materials as non-disabled students
...


It's important to note that the distinction between moderate and severe disabilities is not always clearcut and that a student's level of impairment can change over time
...


In summary, a moderate disability is an impairment that impacts a student's ability to access their
education but does not prevent them from making progress
...
The story of impairment is sometimes unclear-cut and can change over time
...
A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects a student's ability to process information
and can impact their learning ability
...

A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects a student's ability to process information and
can impact their learning ability
...
It can manifest in different ways, such as difficulty with decoding, encoding, reading fluency,
or math calculations
...


A developmental disorder, on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses a wide range of
conditions that affect a student's development, including cognitive, physical, emotional, and social
development
...
Examples of developmental disorders include autism, attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disabilities
...
For example, a student with autism may also have
a specific learning disability, such as dyslexia
...
A developmental disorder is
a broader term that encompasses many conditions that affect a student's cognitive, physical, emotional,
and social development
...


9
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Sensory
impairment refers to a condition that affects a student's ability to see, hear, or feel
...
This can include conditions such
as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injuries, and amputations
...
They may require assistive
devices such as wheelchairs, crutches, or prosthetic limbs
...
They may need accommodations and modifications to be made to the
curriculum and the school’s physical environment to ensure that the student can participate fully in their
education
...
This can include conditions such as blindness, deafness, or low vision
...
They may require accommodations and
modifications to be made to the curriculum and the learning environment to ensure that students can
access the information they need to learn
...


It's important to note that a student can have both a physical disability and a sensory impairment; these
terms are not mutually exclusive
...


In summary, a physical disability is a condition that affects a student's ability to move or use their body
...
These
conditions can impact a student's ability to access their education
...


10
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Emotional disturbances can include conditions such as anxiety and depression,
while behavioral disorders can include conditions such as ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder
(ODD)
...

Emotional and behavioral disorders refer to conditions that affect a student's emotional or behavioral
well-being
...
Behavioral disorders can include conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), which can affect a student's ability to control their
behavior and lead to difficulties in school and other areas of life
...
These may include counseling, therapy, or
medication management
...


Behavioral disorders can manifest in various ways, such as difficulty paying attention, impulsivity,
hyperactivity, or aggression
...
Specialized interventions and supports may include positive behavior
support, social skills training, or a specialized behavior plan
...
Specialized interventions and supports may
include counseling, therapy, or medication management
...




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