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Title: Genetics - Central Dogma Introduction
Description: A brief summary of an introduction of central dogma and how DNA was discovered
Description: A brief summary of an introduction of central dogma and how DNA was discovered
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Genetics: Central Dogma of Molecular Inheritance
HISTORY OF DNA DISCOVERY
FREDERICK GRIFFITH
vaccine against pneumonia
1928
CRICK (PROFESSOR) WATSON (MASTERAL STUDENT)
JAMES WATSON
FRANCIS CRICK
DNA – Protein
Inquiry
1940
1952
ALFRED HERSHEY
MARTHA CHASE
Crick was studying protein structures using the X-ray Crystallography
...
After they discovered the structure, Watson and Crick focused on constructing model of the DNA
...
4 nm and each full turn
consist of 10 base pairs
...
34 nm apart
...
1
...
Mixed the radioactive labeled phages in bacterial cells
3
...
Centrifuged and measured the radioactivity in the pellet and the
liquid
...
Another proof:
ERWIN CHARGAFF (1950)
He reported that the base composition of DNA varies per species
...
Adenine = Thymine and Guanine = Cytosine
Chargaff’s rules:
1
...
For each species, A:T and G:C are roughly equal
...
Note: PURINE: two ringed PYRIMIDINE: one ringed AT: 2 hydrogen bonds GC:3 hydrogen bonds
The research done by MATTHEW MESELSON and FRANKLIN STAHL discovered that the DNA replication
is SEMICONSRVATIVE
...
Created the model of the DNA and discovered
that the phosphate group is antiparallel
...
ERWIN CHARGAFF
Rules for complementary base pairing by
studying the ratio of the nucleotide bases
ALFRED HERSHEY
Discovered that DNA is the mode of
MARTHA CHASE
inheritance and not the proteins
LINUS PAULING
Some of the first biologists that aims to
MAURICE WILKINS
determine the structure of the DNA
ROSALIND FRANKLIN Successfully produced the X-ray
crystallography of DNA which led to Watson
and Crick’s discovery of the structure
MATTHEW MESELSON Devised an experiment that distinguished that
FRANKLIN STAHL the DNA replication is a SEMI
CONSERVATIVE model
Structures of DNA
TERMINOLOGIES
DNA
RNA
MUTATION
DOUBLE HELIX
RADIOACTIVE
BACTERIOPHAGE
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The substance of inheritance
Ribonucleic Acid
Important in synthesizing proteins
Permanent changes in the DNA often caused by
deletion, insertion, duplication and translocation
of DNA segments
Physical structure of a DNA
An unstable nuclei that gives off atomic radiation
as a process of attaining stability
A virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting
and reproducing inside it
...
NOTE!!
Sugar-Phosphate backbone is hydrophilic, meaning that it is a water loving molecule, making it a good
backbone of the DNA since human body is mostly made up of water (approximately 60%)
...
Genetics: Central Dogma of Molecular Inheritance
Meselson and Stahl’s Experiment
Escherichia coli is cultured in a medium with a heavy isotope (15N) then later on they transferred the E
...
Then, they took a sample of the bacteria after the first replication
and another sample after the second replication
...
In the first replication they found out that the band produced a hybrid of 15N - 14N DNA which rules out the
conservative model
...
Sources:
Reece JB, Urry LA, Cain ML, Alexander S, Minorsky PV, Jackson RB, Campbell NA
...
Campbell biology
...
Boston: Pearson
...
2021
...
12th ed
...
Title: Genetics - Central Dogma Introduction
Description: A brief summary of an introduction of central dogma and how DNA was discovered
Description: A brief summary of an introduction of central dogma and how DNA was discovered