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Grammar Rules Study Guide

Some specific and narrow grammar rules include:
Subject-verb agreement: In the present tense, the verb "to be" must match the
subject in number and person
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For regular verbs, the present tense is formed by
adding -s or -es to the base form of the verb for third-person singular subjects
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Subject-verb agreement is a grammatical rule that states that the verb in a
sentence must agree in number with the subject of the sentence
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For example, in the sentence "The dog barks," the subject is
"dog," which is singular, so the verb "barks" must also be singular
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Pay attention to the subject-verb agreement to ensure
that your sentences are grammatically correct and easy to understand
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For example, "he" must refer to a male, "she" must
refer to a female, and "it" must refer to a non-person noun
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This means that the pronoun must
be in the same form as the antecedent concerning number (singular or plural),
the person (first, second, or third), and gender (masculine, feminine, or neutral)
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He is having a great
time," the pronoun "he" refers to the antecedent "dog," which is singular and
masculine, so the pronoun "he" must also be singular and masculine
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It's also worth noting that when the antecedent is not specified, and the pronoun
is being used to refer to a general idea or a hypothetical person, then there are
gender-neutral pronouns like "they" or "them" that can be used
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Sentence structure: A sentence must have a subject and a verb and express a
complete thought
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"The dog barks" is a complete sentence
because it has a subject ("dog") and a verb ("barks") and expresses a complete
thought
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A basic sentence structure
includes a subject, a verb, and a complete thought
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For example, in the sentence "The dog is running," the subject is "dog
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In the sentence
"The dog is running," the verb is "is running
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A sentence that expresses an incomplete thought or idea is called a
sentence fragment
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A sentence with the incorrect
installation may convey a different meaning than intended
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Capitalization: The first sentence word, proper nouns, and adjectives must be
capitalized
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Capitalization refers to using uppercase letters at the beginning of certain words
in a sentence
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The first word of a sentence must be capitalized because it signals the beginning
of a new sentence and indicates to the reader that a new idea or thought is being
introduced
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Proper nouns are the specific names of people, places, and things and must be
capitalized
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g
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g
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g
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For example, "John is visiting his grandparents in New York City
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Pay attention to capitalization to ensure that your writing is clear, grammatically
correct, and easy to read
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Punctuation: Commas, periods, and other punctuation marks must be used
correctly to indicate breaks in thought and separate clauses and phrases
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Punctuation uses symbols, such as commas, periods, semicolons, colons,
exclamation points, and question marks, to indicate breaks in thought and
separate clauses and phrases in sentences
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Commas, for example, are used to separate clauses and phrases within a
sentence
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For example, in the
sentence "I went to the store, bought some groceries, and came home," the
commas separate the different clauses of the sentence
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They are
placed at the end of a complete sentence to mark its conclusion
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For example, "I have been to
New York City; I have also visited Chicago
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For example, "I have three things to tell you: first, I got
a new job; second, I am moving; third, I will be gone for a month
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It is important to use punctuation correctly to convey a sentence’s intended
meaning and make your writing clear and easy to understand
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Verb Tense consistency: Using the same tense in a sentence or a single text can
make the text cohesive and more understandable
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Inconsistency in verb tense
can confuse and make the text difficult to follow
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This
creates confusion and makes it difficult to understand the time frame of the
sentence
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Another example is, "I have been studying for my exam, but I will be studying
more tomorrow" The verb "have been" is in the present perfect tense
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The sentence would be more cohesive if both verbs were
in the same tense, such as "I had been studying for my exam, but I will study more
tomorrow
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This also applies when
writing a larger text, like an essay, where using the same tense is essential to
make it cohesive and should be maintained throughout the text
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Inconsistency in verb
tense can confuse and make the text difficult to follow
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It can make the text more comprehensive and easy to
understand
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It is a way of making the text more
balanced and organized
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" This creates a sense of balance and makes the sentence easy to
understand
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In contrast, an example of non-parallelism would be "I like swimming, running,
and playing basketball
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Parallelism can also apply to clauses, phrases, and sentences in a text where the
grammatical structure is similar, making the text more organized and easy to
understand
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It creates a sense of balance and makes the text more
organized
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These are a few specific and narrow grammar rules, but there are many more to
learn and understand
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Additionally, English is a constantly evolving language with variations in use and
style depending on the region or context

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