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Title: Cell membranes & organisation
Description: This document provides a comprehensive overview of the topic of ‘cell membranes and organisation’ in biology, A-level and AS level. It covers all the important aspects of cell membranes, including the structure ( Fluid Mosaic model), composition and function. The document also delves into the processes involved in transport across cell membranes, such as diffusion and osmosis, as well as factors affecting osmosis, like heat, pH and ethanol. The notes cover both cell membranes and organisation in both plant cells and animal cells. This information is presented in a clear and concise manner, making it easy to understand and ideal for students of high school and college biology
Description: This document provides a comprehensive overview of the topic of ‘cell membranes and organisation’ in biology, A-level and AS level. It covers all the important aspects of cell membranes, including the structure ( Fluid Mosaic model), composition and function. The document also delves into the processes involved in transport across cell membranes, such as diffusion and osmosis, as well as factors affecting osmosis, like heat, pH and ethanol. The notes cover both cell membranes and organisation in both plant cells and animal cells. This information is presented in a clear and concise manner, making it easy to understand and ideal for students of high school and college biology
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Cell Membranes & Organisations
(a) the principal components of the plasma membrane and understand the fluid-mosaic model
Fluid Mosaic Model
• Singer & Nicholson (1972) proposed this model for the structure of the cell membrane
• ‘Fluid’
Because phospholipid molecules within a layer can move relative to each other
• ‘Mosaic’
Because the proteins within the phospholipid layer are of different sizes and
shapes, forming different patterns
...
g
...
g
...
g
...
Functions of Plasma Membrane
Factors affecting cell permeability:
1
...
3
...
5
...
Heat
2
...
Ethanol
Regulating uptake of nutrients
Regulating secretion of chemicals
Cell recognition (using glycolipids & glycoproteins)
Separating the inside of cell from the outside
Separating one cell from another
...
• Water soluble substances (glucose, ions, all polar molecules) cannot pass through the
hydrophobic fatty acid tails and so must use intrinsic proteins to pass though
...
5
7
Intrinsic proteins
L
1
...
g
...
2
...
Binding of the molecules changes the shape of the protein moving the substance into or
out of the cell
...
The hydrophilic phosphate heads
of the phospholipids form the
outer and
inner surface of the cell
membrane
...
Extrinsic proteins
Found on either outer surface of
the bilayer
...
Factors affecting cell permeability:
1
...
pH
3
...
Between temperatures of O°C and 45°C,
membranes are partially permeable
...
The more fluid the
membrane is, the more substances it allows
through
...
Water ins
Title: Cell membranes & organisation
Description: This document provides a comprehensive overview of the topic of ‘cell membranes and organisation’ in biology, A-level and AS level. It covers all the important aspects of cell membranes, including the structure ( Fluid Mosaic model), composition and function. The document also delves into the processes involved in transport across cell membranes, such as diffusion and osmosis, as well as factors affecting osmosis, like heat, pH and ethanol. The notes cover both cell membranes and organisation in both plant cells and animal cells. This information is presented in a clear and concise manner, making it easy to understand and ideal for students of high school and college biology
Description: This document provides a comprehensive overview of the topic of ‘cell membranes and organisation’ in biology, A-level and AS level. It covers all the important aspects of cell membranes, including the structure ( Fluid Mosaic model), composition and function. The document also delves into the processes involved in transport across cell membranes, such as diffusion and osmosis, as well as factors affecting osmosis, like heat, pH and ethanol. The notes cover both cell membranes and organisation in both plant cells and animal cells. This information is presented in a clear and concise manner, making it easy to understand and ideal for students of high school and college biology