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Solar cell or PV Cell or Photo Voltaic cellIt is semiconducting device which converts solar energy to electricity
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Construction of Photovoltaic cell
✓ It consists of p-n junction diode where the top n-layer is very thin and
heavily doped; whereas the P layer is thick and lightly doped so that
thickness of the depletion region is much higher
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The other advantage is that due to the
thin top layer, more light energy can reach the depletion region
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✓ Top n layer is covered with Metal finger to avoid blocking of sun light
✓ Bottom of the cell is covered with continuous metal sheet
✓ The surface of the cell is coated with anti-refection coating to avoid the
loss of incident light energy due to reflection
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This photon energy is sufficient to generate electron hole pairs in the
depletion region
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➢ As soon as we connect any load between these regions, electrons will start flowing
through the load
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➢ In this way a solar cell continuously gives direct current
Major Components in a typical PV installation
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Charge Controller
1
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Extract maximum power from the panel
3
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It is a renewable energy
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They require very little maintenance
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There are no fuel costs or fuel supply problems
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They need large are of land to produce more efficient power supply
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Less efficient (15 to 18%) and costly equipment