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FIGURES OF SPEECH
ExamPlanning
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Basically, it is a figurative language that may consist of a single word or
phrase
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TYPES OF FIGURES OF SPEECH
The figures of speech list is over a hundred but some commonly used types are given
along with examples
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SIMILE
In simile two unlike things are explicitly compared
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A
simile is introduced by words such as like, so, as etc
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METAPHOR
It is an informal or implied simile in which words like, as, so are omitted
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In the following examples,
metaphors are underlined
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She is a star of our family
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She is now in the sunset of her days
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PERSONIFICATION
Personification is an attribution of personal nature, intelligence or character to inanimate
objects or abstract notions
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Some other examples are:
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Little sorrows sit and weep
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(Blake)

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It is a substitute of the thing names for the
thing meant
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The pen is mightier than the sword
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= from childhood to death
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= the works of Milton
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APOSTROPHE
It is a direct address to some inanimate thing or some abstract idea as if it were living
person or some absent person as if it were present
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FIGURES OF SPEECH
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HYPERBOLE
Hyperbole is a statement made emphatic by overstatement
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”

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Here, a part is used to
designate the whole or the whole to designate a part
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”, and “All hands (crew) at work
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TRANSFERRED EPITHETS
In transferred epithets, the qualifying objective is transferred from a person to a thing as
in phrases
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For example,
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He is telling us a fairy tale
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(he is dead)

10
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For example, the child of cobbler has no shoe
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Its effect is often ludicrous
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Obviously, the constitution is against prostitution and congress is against
progress
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EPIGRAM
It is a brief pointed saying
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The
language of the epigram is remarkable for its brevity
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(Wordsworth)

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Fools rush in where angels fear to tread
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Silence is sometimes more eloquent than words
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For example,
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To err is human, to forgive divine
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FIGURES OF SPEECH
ExamPlanning
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OXYMORON
It is a figure of speech which combines two seemingly contradictory or incongruous
words for sharp emphasis or effect
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LITOTES
It is the opposite of hyperbole
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For example,
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He is no dullard
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Examples,
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Who is here so base that would be a bondman?

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Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman?

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Who is here so vile that will not love his country? (Shakespeare)

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FIGURES OF SPEECH
ExamPlanning
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EXCLAMATION
It is used for strong expression of feelings
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CLIMAX
It is an arrangement of a series of ideas in the order of increasing importance
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ANTICLIMAX OR BATHOS
This is the opposite to climax and signifies a ludicrous descent from the higher to the
lower
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Not one, but all mankind’s
epitome; who in the course of one revolving moon; was lawyer, statesman,
fiddler, and buffoon
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ALLITERATION
The repetition of the same letter or syllable at the beginning of two or more words is
called alliteration
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Com

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The moan of doves in immemorial elms and murmur of innumerable bees
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For example,
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The viewless couriers of the air
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= (a fiction)

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For example,
“It is the privilege and birthright of every man to express his ideas without any fear

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